{"id":16232,"date":"2020-04-26T12:05:17","date_gmt":"2020-04-26T12:05:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16232"},"modified":"2020-04-26T12:05:17","modified_gmt":"2020-04-26T12:05:17","slug":"ice-needles-sculpt-stone-patterns-in-frigid-landscapes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/earth-science\/ice-needles-sculpt-stone-patterns-in-frigid-landscapes\/","title":{"rendered":"Ledov\u00e9 jehly: Socha\u0159i kamenn\u00fdch vzor\u016f v mraziv\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ledov\u00e9 jehly: Socha\u0159i kamenn\u00fdch vzor\u016f v mraziv\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ledov\u00e9 jehly a labyrintov\u00e9 kameny<\/h2>\n\n<p>V chladn\u00fdch oblastech po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b pozorovali v\u011bdci slo\u017eit\u00e9 vzory kamen\u016f a r\u00fdh vyryt\u00fdch do zem\u011b. Tyto vzory, v\u010detn\u011b kruh\u016f, \u0159ad a v\u00edr\u016f, vznikaj\u00ed pohybem kamen\u016f, kdy\u017e se zmrzl\u00e9 zem\u011b vyno\u0159uj\u00ed mal\u00e9, nitkovit\u00e9 ledov\u00e9 krystaly zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako ledov\u00e9 jehly.<\/p>\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e ledov\u00e9 jehly zamrznou a roztaj\u00ed, odtla\u010d\u00ed obl\u00e1zky na jednu stranu a postupn\u011b vytvo\u0159\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00e9 tvary. Tyto vzory p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed ty, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v japonsk\u00fdch zenov\u00fdch zahrad\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Laboratorn\u00ed experimenty a po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 modelov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u011bdci ji\u017e dlouho spekuluj\u00ed, \u017ee ledov\u00e9 krystalick\u00e9 hroty by mohly pohybovat p\u016fdou a kameny, aby vytvo\u0159ily tyto vzory, ale teprve ned\u00e1vno to bylo potvrzeno prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm laboratorn\u00edch experiment\u016f a po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho modelov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<p>Ve studii publikovan\u00e9 v Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences v\u011bdci demonstrovali, jak ledov\u00e9 jehly vy\u010dn\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed ze zem\u011b mohou postupn\u011b pohybovat kameny a p\u016fdu do geometrick\u00fdch a organick\u00fdch tvar\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vznik ledov\u00fdch jehel<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ledov\u00e9 jehly vznikaj\u00ed, kdy\u017e je teplota vzduchu a teplota vlhk\u00e9 p\u016fdy r\u016fzn\u00e1. V noci se n\u011bkter\u00e9 typy p\u016fdy smr\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed, kdy\u017e teploty klesaj\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e p\u0159itahuj\u00ed vodu nahoru a zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159ilne ke stran\u00e1m \u00fazk\u00fdch p\u00f3r\u016f v zemi.<\/p>\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e je voda vytla\u010dena ze Zem\u011b, studen\u00fd vzduch ji zmraz\u00ed a zm\u011bn\u00ed ji na mal\u00e9, ostr\u00e9, krystalick\u00e9 struktury.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed vzor\u016f v laborato\u0159i<\/h2>\n\n<p>Aby v\u011bdci vytvo\u0159ili v\u00edry a h\u0159ebeny v laboratorn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed, um\u00edstili obl\u00e1zky na p\u00e1nev napln\u011bnou mokrou, jemnozrnnou p\u016fdou. Pot\u00e9 opakovan\u011b zmrazovali a rozmrazovali miniaturn\u00ed krajinu a vytv\u00e1\u0159eli r\u016fzn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky, aby pozorovali, jak se obl\u00e1zky pohybuj\u00ed, kdy\u017e led taje.<\/p>\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e mokr\u00e1 p\u016fda nebyla zmrzl\u00e1, ale teplota vzduchu klesla pod bod mrazu, ledov\u00e9 jehly prorazily p\u016fdu jako kl\u00ed\u010d\u00edc\u00ed tr\u00e1va. Jehly vyrostly n\u011bkolik centimetr\u016f vysoko a zvedly obl\u00e1zky ze zem\u011b. Kdy\u017e teplota stoupla, kameny spadly z ledu a skut\u00e1lely se na jednu stranu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu: Tvorba shluk\u016f kamen\u016f a vzor\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>V pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu proces zamrz\u00e1n\u00ed a rozmrazov\u00e1n\u00ed vy\u010distil plochy odkryt\u00e9 p\u016fdy a nakonec se kameny p\u0159esunuly do shluk\u016f a vytvo\u0159ily v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vzory. Na rovn\u00e9m povrchu kameny vytvo\u0159ily z\u00e1vratn\u00e9 sestavy v\u00edr\u016f a smy\u010dek, zat\u00edmco na sva\u017eit\u00e9m povrchu vytvo\u0159ily \u00fahledn\u00e9 \u0159ady.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Faktory ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed tvorbu vzor\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Rychlost a tvar vzor\u016f z\u00e1vis\u00ed na r\u016fzn\u00fdch faktorech, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Po\u010det a hustota kamen\u016f<\/li>\n<li>Vlhkost p\u016fdy<\/li>\n<li>V\u00fd\u0161ka ledov\u00fdch jehel<\/li>\n<li>Sklon ter\u00e9nu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed mar\u0165ansk\u00e9 vzory<\/h2>\n\n<p>N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed odborn\u00edci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee verze t\u011bchto cykl\u016f zamrz\u00e1n\u00ed a rozmrazov\u00e1n\u00ed mohla vytvo\u0159it vzory pozorovan\u00e9 na povrchu Marsu. P\u016fda na rud\u00e9 planet\u011b vykazovala d\u016fkazy o mal\u00fdch ledov\u00fdch krystalech a kdy\u017e se p\u016fda zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1, m\u016f\u017ee se rozp\u00ednat, jen aby se znovu st\u00e1hla, kdy\u017e za\u010dne chladnout.<\/p>\n\n<p>A\u010dkoli je proces na Marsu jemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, mohl by sta\u010dit k tomu, aby v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu posunul obl\u00e1zky a prach.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Implikace pro zm\u011bnu klimatu<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u00fdsledky studie ukazuj\u00ed s\u00edlu kombinace laboratorn\u00edch experiment\u016f s po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdm modelov\u00e1n\u00edm pro pochopen\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed krajiny. Tento p\u0159\u00edstup m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k lep\u0161\u00edmu pochopen\u00ed toho, jak se toto chov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee zm\u011bnit s oteplov\u00e1n\u00edm klimatu.<\/p>\n\n<p>Studiem tvorby vzor\u016f kamen\u016f v mraziv\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch mohou v\u011bdci z\u00edskat poznatky o procesech, kter\u00e9 utv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed povrch na\u0161\u00ed planety, a o potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch dopadech zm\u011bny klimatu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ledov\u00e9 jehly: Socha\u0159i kamenn\u00fdch vzor\u016f v mraziv\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch Ledov\u00e9 jehly a labyrintov\u00e9 kameny V chladn\u00fdch oblastech po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b pozorovali v\u011bdci slo\u017eit\u00e9 vzory kamen\u016f a r\u00fdh vyryt\u00fdch do zem\u011b. Tyto&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[212],"tags":[21533,21531,21534,21532,572,34],"class_list":["post-16232","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-earth-science","tag-frigid-landscapes","tag-ice-needles","tag-natural-art","tag-stone-patterns","tag-earth-science","tag-climate-change"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16232","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16232"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16232\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16233,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16232\/revisions\/16233"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16232"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16232"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16232"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}