{"id":16265,"date":"2024-08-22T17:55:09","date_gmt":"2024-08-22T17:55:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16265"},"modified":"2024-08-22T17:55:09","modified_gmt":"2024-08-22T17:55:09","slug":"snails-teeth-strongest-natural-material","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/zoology\/snails-teeth-strongest-natural-material\/","title":{"rendered":"Zoubky \u0161nek\u016f: Nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed materi\u00e1l na Zemi"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zoubky \u0161nek\u016f: Nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed materi\u00e1l na Zemi<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Objev nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edho p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u011bdci objevili, \u017ee zuby mo\u0159sk\u00fdch \u0161nek\u016f, zn\u00e1m\u00fdch jako limpety, jsou nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm materi\u00e1lem na Zemi. Tento objev je p\u0159evratn\u00fd, proto\u017ee p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1 pevnost d\u0159\u00edve zn\u00e1m\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f, jako je pavou\u010d\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, a dokonce i diamant v ur\u010dit\u00fdch ohledech.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak \u0161neci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 zuby<\/h2>\n\n<p>Limpeti pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 zuby k vyhrab\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed skal, kdy\u017e se krm\u00ed. Jejich zuby se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed na jazyku pokryt\u00e9m zuby, kter\u00fd se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 raduly. Raduly jsou neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b siln\u00e9 a odoln\u00e9, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje limpet\u016fm snadno rozdrtit sk\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Slo\u017een\u00ed zub\u016f \u0161nek\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee zuby \u0161nek\u016f se skl\u00e1daj\u00ed ze sm\u011bsi nanovl\u00e1ken goethitu uzav\u0159en\u00fdch v proteinov\u00e9 matrici. Goethit je krystal obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eelezo a proteinov\u00e1 matrice poskytuje zub\u016fm dal\u0161\u00ed pevnost a pru\u017enost.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed pevnosti<\/h2>\n\n<p>P\u0159i testov\u00e1n\u00ed se zjistilo, \u017ee zuby limpet\u016f jsou asi p\u011btkr\u00e1t pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u011bt\u0161ina pavou\u010d\u00edch vl\u00e1ken. Jsou tak\u00e9 pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e kevlar a srovnateln\u00e9 s uhl\u00edkov\u00fdmi vl\u00e1kny nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed kvality. Ve skute\u010dnosti by jeden jedin\u00fd \u0161paget vyroben\u00fd z tohoto materi\u00e1lu mohl n\u00e9st asi 3 300 jednolibertn\u00edch pytl\u016f cukru.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mo\u017en\u00e9 aplikace<\/h2>\n\n<p>Objev pevnosti zub\u016f \u0161nek\u016f otev\u0159el nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pro in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00e9 aplikace. In\u017een\u00fd\u0159i se nyn\u00ed obracej\u00ed na \u0161neky jako na potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed poradce pro v\u00fdvoj pevn\u00fdch a odoln\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, struktur a dokonce i stroj\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed pevn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly<\/h2>\n\n<p>P\u0159esto\u017ee zuby \u0161nek\u016f jsou nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm materi\u00e1lem objeven\u00fdm k dne\u0161n\u00edmu dni, existuj\u00ed i jin\u00e9 vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed odolat v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed ne\u017e diamant. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Wurtzit boronitrid:<\/strong> Materi\u00e1l s diamantovou strukturou, kter\u00fd v\u0161ak obsahuje bor a dus\u00edk.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lonsdaleit:<\/strong> \u0160estihrann\u00e1 forma uhl\u00edku, kter\u00e1 vznik\u00e1, kdy\u017e meteoroidy obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed grafit dopadnou na Zemi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tahov\u00e1 pevnost a tvrdost<\/h2>\n\n<p>Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 rozli\u0161ovat mezi tahovou pevnost\u00ed a tvrdost\u00ed, kdy\u017e diskutujeme o pevnosti materi\u00e1l\u016f. Tahov\u00e1 pevnost ozna\u010duje schopnost objektu odol\u00e1vat rozta\u017een\u00ed, zat\u00edmco tvrdost se t\u00fdk\u00e1 jeho odolnosti proti po\u0161kr\u00e1b\u00e1n\u00ed nebo \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed. Zuby \u0161nek\u016f maj\u00ed v\u00fdjime\u010dnou tahovou pevnost, ale nejsou tak tvrd\u00e9 jako diamant.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n<p>Objev pevnosti zub\u016f \u0161nek\u016f je d\u016fkazem neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 rozmanitosti a odolnosti p\u0159\u00edrody. Tito drobn\u00ed tvorov\u00e9 vyvinuli pozoruhodnou adaptaci, kter\u00e1 inspirovala in\u017een\u00fdry k prozkoum\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed pro v\u00fdvoj pevn\u00fdch a odoln\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zoubky \u0161nek\u016f: Nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed materi\u00e1l na Zemi Objev nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edho p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu V\u011bdci objevili, \u017ee zuby mo\u0159sk\u00fdch \u0161nek\u016f, zn\u00e1m\u00fdch jako limpety, jsou nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm materi\u00e1lem na Zemi. Tento objev je p\u0159evratn\u00fd,&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24104,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[5579,21573,21574,21575,21576,21572],"class_list":["post-16265","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zoology","tag-material-science","tag-strongest-natural-material","tag-limpets","tag-tensile-strength","tag-nature-inspired-engineering","tag-snails-teeth"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16265","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16265"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16265\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24105,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16265\/revisions\/24105"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24104"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16265"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16265"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16265"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}