Keporkaci jsou obrov\u0161t\u00ed tvorov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed dor\u016fstaj\u00ed a\u017e patn\u00e1cti metr\u016f. Novorozen\u00e1 ml\u00e1\u010fata jsou v\u0161ak mnohem men\u0161\u00ed \u2013 m\u011b\u0159\u00ed zhruba \u010dty\u0159i a p\u016fl metru. D\u00edky tomu jsou zraniteln\u00e1 v\u016f\u010di pred\u00e1tor\u016fm, nap\u0159\u00edklad ke\u0159kadc\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed \u010dasto \u00fato\u010d\u00ed na mlad\u00e9 jedince.<\/p>\n\n
Aby sv\u00e1 ml\u00e1\u010fata ochr\u00e1nily p\u0159ed nebezpe\u010d\u00edm, vyvinuly matky keporkak\u016f jedine\u010dnou komunika\u010dn\u00ed strategii: \u0161ept\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee matky a ml\u00e1\u010fata vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed tich\u00e9 pi\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a bru\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e9 lze zaslechnout jen do vzd\u00e1lenosti zhruba sta metr\u016f. Tyto zvuky jsou mnohem ti\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e zp\u011bvy dosp\u011bl\u00fdch samc\u016f, je\u017e lze rozeznat na kilometry daleko.<\/p>\n\n
Toto \u0161ept\u00e1n\u00ed slou\u017e\u00ed hned n\u011bkolika \u00fa\u010del\u016fm. Zaprv\u00e9 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 skr\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edtomnost ml\u00e1d\u011bte p\u0159ed ke\u0159kadci. Ti se k orientaci a lovu spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na zvuk, tak\u017ee ti\u0161\u0161\u00ed komunikace matky a ml\u00e1d\u011bte je pro n\u011b h\u016f\u0159e zachytiteln\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n
Zadruh\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee \u0161ept\u00e1n\u00ed rovn\u011b\u017e udr\u017eet matku s ml\u00e1d\u011btem v utajen\u00ed p\u0159ed rozmazlen\u00fdmi samci keporkak\u016f. Samci b\u00fdvaj\u00ed v\u016f\u010di samic\u00edm s ml\u00e1\u010faty agresivn\u00ed a \u010dasto se pokou\u0161ej\u00ed p\u0159eru\u0161it kojen\u00ed. \u0160ept\u00e1n\u00edm matka s ml\u00e1d\u011btem nep\u0159itahuj\u00ed pozornost necht\u011bn\u00fdch n\u00e1padn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
V\u011bdci nicm\u00e9n\u011b zjistili, \u017ee pokud ke\u0159kadec tich\u00e9 zvuky matky a ml\u00e1d\u011bte zachyt\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee je vyu\u017e\u00edt jako homing sign\u00e1l k vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed ko\u0159isti. \u0160ept\u00e1n\u00ed tud\u00ed\u017e nen\u00ed stoprocentn\u00ed obranou, p\u0159esto poskytuje ur\u010ditou m\u00edru ochrany.<\/p>\n\n
Krom\u011b ochrany p\u0159ed pred\u00e1tory m\u016f\u017ee \u0161ept\u00e1n\u00ed sehr\u00e1vat roli i v dal\u0161\u00edch aspektech dorozum\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u011bdci zaznamenali, \u017ee ml\u00e1\u010fata vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed tich\u00e9 zvuky pouze p\u0159i plav\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee jimi d\u00e1vaj\u00ed matce najevo svou polohu \u2013 zejm\u00e9na v kaln\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n
\u0160ept\u00e1n\u00ed se tak\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 b\u011bhem kojen\u00ed. P\u0159i n\u011bm ml\u00e1\u010fata \u010dasto ti\u0161e pi\u0161t\u00ed a matky jim odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed podobn\u011b tich\u00fdmi zvuky. Zd\u00e1 se tedy, \u017ee ml\u00e1\u010fata komunikuj\u00ed sv\u016fj hlad \u010di jin\u00e9 pot\u0159eby.<\/p>\n\n
Objev \u0161ept\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro ochranu t\u011bchto velik\u00e1n\u016f. Hluk z lod\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdznamnou slo\u017eku zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u016f a naru\u0161uje dorozum\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed kytovc\u016f i dal\u0161\u00edch mo\u0159sk\u00fdch organism\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
V\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee lodn\u00ed hluk m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ehlu\u0161it tich\u00e9 zvuky matky a ml\u00e1d\u011bte a znemo\u017enit jim komunikaci. To m\u016f\u017ee negativn\u011b ovlivnit p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed ml\u00e1\u010fat, kter\u00e1 se nemus\u00ed udr\u017eet v t\u011bsn\u00e9 bl\u00edzkosti matky ani naj\u00edt potravu.<\/p>\n\n
V\u00fdsledky studie zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed nutnost omezit lidsk\u00e9 z\u00e1sahy do p\u0159\u00edrody. Lodn\u00ed hluk je jen jednou z mnoha lidsk\u00fdch aktivit, je\u017e naru\u0161uj\u00ed komunikaci keporkak\u016f i dal\u0161\u00edch mo\u0159sk\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Mus\u00edme p\u0159ijmout opat\u0159en\u00ed ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed lodn\u00edho hluku a dal\u0161\u00edch forem podmo\u0159sk\u00e9ho zvukov\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 m\u016f\u017eeme podporovat v\u00fdzkum komunikace kytovc\u016f a ostatn\u00edch mo\u0159sk\u00fdch tvor\u016f, abychom l\u00e9pe pochopili, jak minimalizovat n\u00e1\u0161 vliv na jejich schopnost dorozum\u011bt se.<\/p>\n\n
Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm lidsk\u00e9ho dopadu na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed pom\u016f\u017eeme chr\u00e1nit keporkaky i ostatn\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9 organismy a zajist\u00edme jejich p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed pro budouc\u00ed generace.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Matka a ml\u00e1d\u011b keporkaka si \u0161eptaj\u00ed, aby se vyhnuly pred\u00e1tor\u016fm Keporkaci jsou obrov\u0161t\u00ed tvorov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed dor\u016fstaj\u00ed a\u017e patn\u00e1cti metr\u016f. Novorozen\u00e1 ml\u00e1\u010fata jsou v\u0161ak mnohem men\u0161\u00ed \u2013 m\u011b\u0159\u00ed zhruba \u010dty\u0159i a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":25289,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[309,3551,361,264,3552],"class_list":["post-1629","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zoology","tag-animal-behavior","tag-humpback-whales","tag-marine-biology","tag-ocean-conservation","tag-whale-communication"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1629","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1629"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1629\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25290,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1629\/revisions\/25290"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25289"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1629"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1629"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1629"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}