{"id":16323,"date":"2020-07-06T06:21:47","date_gmt":"2020-07-06T06:21:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16323"},"modified":"2020-07-06T06:21:47","modified_gmt":"2020-07-06T06:21:47","slug":"polydactyly-in-chaco-canyon-a-revered-trait-among-the-ancestral-puebloans","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/anthropology\/polydactyly-in-chaco-canyon-a-revered-trait-among-the-ancestral-puebloans\/","title":{"rendered":"Polydaktylie v ka\u0148onu Chaco: Uct\u00edvan\u00fd znak mezi p\u0159edky Pueblo"},"content":{"rendered":"

Polydaktylie v ka\u0148onu Chaco: Uct\u00edvan\u00fd znak mezi p\u0159edky Pueblo<\/h2>\n\n

Z\u00e1hada ka\u0148onu Chaco<\/h2>\n\n

Ka\u0148on Chaco, z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 archeologick\u00e9 nalezi\u0161t\u011b na severoz\u00e1pad\u011b Nov\u00e9ho Mexika, v\u011bdce dlouho m\u00e1tlo. P\u0159esto\u017ee se tam nedost\u00e1v\u00e1 vody a orn\u00e9 p\u016fdy, stalo se toto m\u00edsto centrem prosperuj\u00edc\u00ed kultury Pueblo v polovin\u011b 800. let na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu. Jedn\u00edm z nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch aspekt\u016f ka\u0148onu Chaco je \u00facta, kterou jeho obyvatel\u00e9 chovali k lidem s extra prsty u rukou nebo nohou, co\u017e je stav zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako polydaktylie.<\/p>\n\n

Polydaktylie: B\u011b\u017en\u00fd znak<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00fdzkum antropolo\u017eky Patricie Crown odhalil, \u017ee polydaktylie byla mezi p\u0159edky Pueblo v ka\u0148onu Chaco v\u00fdrazn\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v sou\u010dasn\u00fdch populac\u00edch domorod\u00fdch Ameri\u010dan\u016f. T\u0159i z 96 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00fdch koster z Pueblo Bonito, m\u00edsta v ka\u0148onu, vykazovaly nav\u00edc jeden prst na prav\u00e9 noze. Toto procento v\u00fdskytu 3,1 % je mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 prevalence polydaktylie 0,2 %.<\/p>\n\n

Ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdznam<\/h2>\n\n

Se zach\u00e1zelo se zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed \u00factou se ostatky jedinc\u016f s polydaktyli\u00ed. \u010casto byli poh\u0159b\u00edv\u00e1ni v ritu\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00edstnostech nebo v jejich bl\u00edzkosti a jeden jedinec m\u011bl dokonce propracovan\u00fd n\u00e1ramek zdob\u00edc\u00ed kotn\u00edk nohy s extra prstem. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee extra prsty byly v komunit\u011b Pueblo spojov\u00e1ny s vysok\u00fdm postaven\u00edm a d\u016fle\u017eitost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Polydaktylie za hranicemi Chaca<\/h2>\n\n

Fascinace p\u0159edk\u016f Pueblo polydaktyli\u00ed se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila i za hranice ka\u0148onu Chaco. L\u00e9ka\u0159ka Maureen Hirthlerov\u00e1 a chirurg ruky Richard Hutchison zdokumentovali obr\u00e1zky polydaktyln\u00edch rukou a nohou v cel\u00e9m regionu \u010cty\u0159 roh\u016f na jihoz\u00e1pad\u011b, v\u010detn\u011b ka\u0148onu Sand v Coloradu, Tapia del Cerrito v Arizon\u011b, Sedony v Arizon\u011b, ka\u0148onu Lewis v Texasu a r\u016fzn\u00fdch lokalit v Nov\u00e9m Mexiku a Utahu.<\/p>\n\n

Environment\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny<\/h2>\n\n

Kerriann Mardenov\u00e1, biologick\u00e1 antropolo\u017eka z Eastern New Mexico University, spekuluje, \u017ee vysok\u00fd v\u00fdskyt polydaktylie v ka\u0148onu Chaco mohly zap\u0159\u00ed\u010dinit environment\u00e1ln\u00ed faktory. Tato oblast je zn\u00e1m\u00e1 sv\u00fdmi uranov\u00fdmi lo\u017eisky a vystaven\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm materi\u00e1l\u016fm nebo slo\u017ek\u00e1m potravy b\u011bhem t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed mohlo vyvolat mutace vedouc\u00ed k extra prst\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n

Kulturn\u00ed d\u016fsledky<\/h2>\n\n

\u00dacta k lidem s polydaktyli\u00ed mezi p\u0159edky Pueblo poskytuje vhled do jejich kulturn\u00edch p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed a hodnot. Nazna\u010duje to, \u017ee p\u0159ij\u00edmali lidskou rozmanitost a vn\u00edmali fyzick\u00e9 odli\u0161nosti jako znamen\u00ed jedine\u010dnosti a d\u016fle\u017eitosti. Spojen\u00ed extra prst\u016f s vysok\u00fdm postaven\u00edm a ritu\u00e1ln\u00edmi praktikami nav\u00edc zd\u016fraz\u0148uje v\u00fdznam fyzick\u00fdch atribut\u016f v jejich spole\u010densk\u00e9 hierarchii.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdznam tyrkysu<\/h2>\n\n

Tyrkys, vysoce cen\u011bn\u00fd miner\u00e1l mezi p\u0159edky Pueblo, hr\u00e1l v\u00fdznamnou roli v ritu\u00e1lech spojen\u00fdch s polydaktyli\u00ed. Jedinci s extra prsty byli \u010dasto zobrazov\u00e1ni, jak nos\u00ed tyrkysov\u00e9 \u0161perky, a tyrkysov\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty byly nalezeny v souvislosti s jejich ostatky. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee se v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee tyrkys zvy\u0161uje duchovn\u00ed s\u00edlu a postaven\u00ed spojen\u00e9 s polydaktyli\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Polydaktylie jako okno do minulosti<\/h2>\n\n

Studium polydaktylie v ka\u0148onu Chaco nab\u00edz\u00ed jedine\u010dnou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost k prozkoum\u00e1n\u00ed kulturn\u00edch praktik, p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed a environment\u00e1ln\u00edch vliv\u016f, kter\u00e9 formovaly \u017eivot p\u0159edk\u016f Pueblo. Prozkoum\u00e1n\u00edm archeologick\u00fdch d\u016fkaz\u016f a zohledn\u011bn\u00edm kulturn\u00edho kontextu mohou v\u011bdci z\u00edskat hlub\u0161\u00ed porozum\u011bn\u00ed t\u00e9to fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed a z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Polydaktylie v ka\u0148onu Chaco: Uct\u00edvan\u00fd znak mezi p\u0159edky Pueblo Z\u00e1hada ka\u0148onu Chaco Ka\u0148on Chaco, z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 archeologick\u00e9 nalezi\u0161t\u011b na severoz\u00e1pad\u011b Nov\u00e9ho Mexika, v\u011bdce dlouho m\u00e1tlo. P\u0159esto\u017ee se tam nedost\u00e1v\u00e1 vody a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[15865,88,7219,21649,21648,21650,1727,21651],"class_list":["post-16323","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-anthropology","tag-ancestral-puebloans","tag-archaeology","tag-chaco-canyon","tag-environmental-influences","tag-cultural-practices","tag-polydactyly","tag-rituals","tag-turquoise"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16323","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16323"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16323\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16324,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16323\/revisions\/16324"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16323"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16323"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16323"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}