{"id":16340,"date":"2023-02-25T19:49:24","date_gmt":"2023-02-25T19:49:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16340"},"modified":"2023-02-25T19:49:24","modified_gmt":"2023-02-25T19:49:24","slug":"contagious-yawning-empathy-mammals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/animal-behavior\/contagious-yawning-empathy-mammals\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00e1kazliv\u00e9 z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed: Okno do empatie savc\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">N\u00e1kazliv\u00e9 z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed: Okno do empatie savc\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co je n\u00e1kazliv\u00e9 z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/h2>\n\n<p>N\u00e1kazliv\u00e9 z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed jev, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m jedinci z\u00edvaj\u00ed v reakci na to, \u017ee vid\u00ed nebo sly\u0161\u00ed z\u00edvat jin\u00e9. Toto chov\u00e1n\u00ed se neomezuje pouze na lidi; bylo pozorov\u00e1no u \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1ly zv\u00ed\u0159at, v\u010detn\u011b \u0161impanz\u016f, pavi\u00e1n\u016f, bonob\u016f, pt\u00e1k\u016f, ps\u016f a nyn\u00ed i vlk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u016fkazy o n\u00e1kazliv\u00e9m z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed u vlk\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie publikovan\u00e1 v PLOS ONE poskytuje prvn\u00ed d\u016fkazy o n\u00e1kazliv\u00e9m z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed u vlk\u016f. V\u011bdci sledovali dvan\u00e1ct vlk\u016f po dobu p\u011bti m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f a zjistili, \u017ee m\u011bli v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost z\u00edvnout v reakci na z\u00edvnut\u00ed jin\u00e9ho vlka ne\u017e nez\u00edvnout. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee n\u00e1kazliv\u00e9 z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed je chov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se vyskytuje u vlk\u016f, podobn\u011b jako u jin\u00fdch spole\u010densk\u00fdch savc\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Souvislost s empati\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>N\u00e1kazliv\u00e9 z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bylo spojeno s empati\u00ed u lid\u00ed. Studie uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee jedinci se siln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi soci\u00e1ln\u00edmi dovednostmi maj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee se nakaz\u00ed z\u00edvnut\u00edm. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee n\u00e1kazliv\u00e9 z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zp\u016fsobem, jak\u00fdm jedinci projevuj\u00ed svou schopnost ch\u00e1pat a sd\u00edlet emoce druh\u00fdch.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Evolu\u010dn\u00ed historie<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u00fdskyt n\u00e1kazliv\u00e9ho z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed u savc\u016f nazna\u010duje, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt evolu\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1klad. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee empatie vznikla jako rodov\u00fd rys u savc\u016f, co\u017e jedinc\u016fm umo\u017enilo vytv\u00e1\u0159et siln\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed vazby a \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b spolupracovat. N\u00e1kazliv\u00e9 z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed se mohlo vyvinout jako zp\u016fsob pos\u00edlen\u00ed t\u011bchto vazeb a podpory soci\u00e1ln\u00ed soudr\u017enosti.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Role obezn\u00e1menosti<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ve studii o vlc\u00edch v\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee vlci m\u011bli v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee se nakaz\u00ed z\u00edvnut\u00edm od zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho jedince. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee obezn\u00e1menost a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed vazby hraj\u00ed roli v n\u00e1kazliv\u00e9m z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, podobn\u011b jako bylo pozorov\u00e1no u lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">N\u00e1kazliv\u00e9 z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed u ps\u016f a vlk\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>P\u0159esto\u017ee bylo n\u00e1kazliv\u00e9 z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pozorov\u00e1no jak u ps\u016f, tak u vlk\u016f, existuje ur\u010dit\u00e1 debata o tom, zda se psi mohou nakazit z\u00edvnut\u00edm od jin\u00fdch ps\u016f. N\u011bkter\u00e9 studie neprok\u00e1zaly \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy o tomto chov\u00e1n\u00ed, zat\u00edmco jin\u00e9 nazna\u010dily, \u017ee se m\u016f\u017ee vyskytnout za ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed. K objasn\u011bn\u00ed m\u00edry, do jak\u00e9 k n\u00e1kazliv\u00e9mu z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed mezi psy, je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednosy n\u00e1kazliv\u00e9ho z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Skute\u010dn\u00e1 funkce n\u00e1kazliv\u00e9ho z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b nen\u00ed zcela pochopena. V\u011bdci v\u0161ak spekuluj\u00ed, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee slou\u017eit n\u011bkolika \u00fa\u010del\u016fm, mimo jin\u00e9:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Pos\u00edlen\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edch vazeb:<\/strong> N\u00e1kazliv\u00e9 z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee pomoci vytvo\u0159it pocit soun\u00e1le\u017eitosti a spojen\u00ed v r\u00e1mci soci\u00e1ln\u00ed skupiny.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Podpora empatie:<\/strong> Demonstrac\u00ed sv\u00e9 schopnosti sd\u00edlet emoce m\u016f\u017ee n\u00e1kazliv\u00e9 z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pomoci pos\u00edlit empatii a spolupr\u00e1ci mezi jedinci.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Regulace soci\u00e1ln\u00edho chov\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/strong> N\u00e1kazliv\u00e9 z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zp\u016fsobem, jak\u00fdm jedinci synchronizuj\u00ed sv\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed a udr\u017euj\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed harmonii ve skupin\u011b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ot\u00e1zky a budouc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum<\/h2>\n\n<p>P\u0159esto\u017ee v\u00fdzkum n\u00e1kazliv\u00e9ho z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed poskytl cenn\u00e9 poznatky, st\u00e1le existuje mnoho nezodpov\u011bzen\u00fdch ot\u00e1zek. Budouc\u00ed studie by mohly prozkoumat n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Rozsah, do kter\u00e9ho doch\u00e1z\u00ed k n\u00e1kazliv\u00e9mu z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi druhy<\/li>\n<li>Neur\u00e1ln\u00ed mechanismy, kter\u00e9 jsou z\u00e1kladem n\u00e1kazliv\u00e9ho z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Vliv soci\u00e1ln\u00edch faktor\u016f, jako je velikost skupiny a spole\u010densk\u00e1 hierarchie, na n\u00e1kazliv\u00e9 z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed terapeutick\u00e9 aplikace n\u00e1kazliv\u00e9ho z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n<p>N\u00e1kazliv\u00e9 z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 poskytuje nahl\u00e9dnut\u00ed do soci\u00e1ln\u00edho a emocion\u00e1ln\u00edho \u017eivota savc\u016f. P\u0159esto\u017ee se o jeho skute\u010dn\u00e9 funkci st\u00e1le diskutuje, v\u00fdzkum nazna\u010duje, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee hr\u00e1t roli v empatii, soci\u00e1ln\u00edch vazb\u00e1ch a regulaci soci\u00e1ln\u00edho chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Jsou zapot\u0159eb\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed studie, abychom pln\u011b pochopili v\u00fdznam n\u00e1kazliv\u00e9ho z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a jeho d\u016fsledky pro soci\u00e1ln\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed savc\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u00e1kazliv\u00e9 z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed: Okno do empatie savc\u016f Co je n\u00e1kazliv\u00e9 z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed? N\u00e1kazliv\u00e9 z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed jev, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m jedinci z\u00edvaj\u00ed v reakci na to, \u017ee vid\u00ed nebo sly\u0161\u00ed z\u00edvat jin\u00e9. Toto&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[312],"tags":[21663,1249,19535,21664,5979],"class_list":["post-16340","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-animal-behavior","tag-mammalian-behavior","tag-empathy","tag-contagious-yawning","tag-social-bonding","tag-wolves"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16340","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16340"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16340\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16341,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16340\/revisions\/16341"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16340"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16340"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16340"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}