Velryby s kosticemi, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 svou obrovskou velikost\u00ed a charakteristick\u00fdmi kosticemi, ji\u017e dlouho fascinuj\u00ed v\u011bdce. Pochopen\u00ed toho, jak tito n\u011b\u017en\u00ed ob\u0159i sly\u0161\u00ed, v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1valo z\u00e1hadou \u2013 a\u017e dosud.<\/p>\n\n
Ve snaze ochr\u00e1nit velryby p\u0159ed mo\u017en\u00fdm po\u0161kozen\u00edm sluchu zp\u016fsoben\u00fdm podvodn\u00edmi zvuky prosazovali v\u011bdci pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy na omezen\u00ed n\u00edzkofrekven\u010dn\u00edho hluku v oce\u00e1nech a z\u00e1livech. Ale bez jasn\u00e9ho pochopen\u00ed sluchu velryb bylo jejich \u00fasil\u00ed omezen\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n
Mo\u0159sk\u00fd biolog Ted W. Cranford a stavebn\u00ed in\u017een\u00fdr Petr Krysl se vydali na misi odemknout tajemstv\u00ed sluchu velryb. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dali, \u017ee anatomie lebky velryby hr\u00e1la rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed roli p\u0159i vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed zvuku.<\/p>\n\n
Aby otestovali svou hypot\u00e9zu, z\u00edskali Cranford a Krysl lebku mlad\u00e9 uv\u00edzl\u00e9 plejtv\u00e1ka mal\u00e9ho a naskenovali ji skenerem, kter\u00fd byl p\u016fvodn\u011b navr\u017een pro raketov\u00e9 motory. Data skenov\u00e1n\u00ed byla pou\u017eita k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed podrobn\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho modelu, kter\u00fd rozlo\u017eil anatomii lebky na kostky podobn\u00e9 legu a zmapoval vztahy mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi prvky.<\/p>\n\n
Odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00edm zvukov\u00fdch vln p\u0159es jejich simulovanou lebku pozorovali v\u011bdci, jak ka\u017ed\u00fd segment kosti vibroval. Objevili, \u017ee lebka fungovala jako zvukov\u00fd vodi\u010d a zesilovala vlny, kdy\u017e narazily na lebku, a p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ela je do sluchov\u00fdch k\u016fstek.<\/p>\n\n
K zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed dat generovan\u00fdch jejich simulacemi pou\u017eili Cranford a Krysl superpo\u010d\u00edta\u010d. Spou\u0161t\u011bli sv\u00e9 simulace dny a dokonce t\u00fddny v kuse, co\u017e nakonec vedlo k pr\u016flomov\u00e9mu objevu.<\/p>\n\n
Cranford nazval jejich objev \u201evelk\u00fdm objevem\u201c: lebky velryb maj\u00ed jedine\u010dnou schopnost v\u00e9st zvuk, co\u017e zlep\u0161uje citlivost sluchu. Toto odhalen\u00ed poskytlo z\u00e1sadn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st skl\u00e1da\u010dky v porozum\u011bn\u00ed tomu, jak velryby s kosticemi komunikuj\u00ed a vn\u00edmaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 okol\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
V\u00fdsledky v\u00fdzkumu Cranforda a Krysla maj\u00ed dalekos\u00e1hl\u00e9 d\u016fsledky. Jejich objev by mohl potenci\u00e1ln\u011b osv\u011btlit mechanismy sluchu u dal\u0161\u00edch druh\u016f velryb, v\u010detn\u011b ozuben\u00fdch velryb a delf\u00edn\u016f. Krom\u011b toho by to mohlo pomoci p\u0159i v\u00fdvoji technologi\u00ed ke zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed podmo\u0159sk\u00fdm hlukem a ochran\u011b mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho \u017eivota.<\/p>\n\n
Cranford zd\u016fraznil v\u00fdznam jejich v\u00fdzkumu p\u0159i zd\u016fraz\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed funk\u010dn\u00edho a \u010dasto neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9ho designu anatomick\u00fdch struktur:<\/p>\n\n
\u201eTento v\u00fdzkum zd\u016fraznil jeden kr\u00e1sn\u00fd princip: Anatomick\u00e1 struktura nen\u00ed n\u00e1hodn\u00e1. Je funk\u010dn\u00ed a \u010dasto kr\u00e1sn\u011b navr\u017een\u00e1 neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby.\u201c<\/p>\n\n
Pr\u016fkopnick\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce Cranforda a Krysla otev\u0159ela nov\u00e9 cesty pro v\u00fdzkum sluchu a komunikace velryb. Pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed pokra\u010dovat ve sv\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumu, aby zjistili, zda jejich zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed plat\u00ed i pro jin\u00e9 druhy velryb. Bez ohledu na v\u00fdsledek jejich v\u00fdzkum ji\u017e v\u00fdznamn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bl k na\u0161emu porozum\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bchto z\u00e1hadn\u00fdch tvor\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
V\u011bdci odhaluj\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed sluchu velryb s kosticemi \u00davod Velryby s kosticemi, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 svou obrovskou velikost\u00ed a charakteristick\u00fdmi kosticemi, ji\u017e dlouho fascinuj\u00ed v\u011bdce. Pochopen\u00ed toho, jak tito n\u011b\u017en\u00ed ob\u0159i sly\u0161\u00ed, v\u0161ak…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":25023,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[84],"tags":[1603,361,3559,3560,613,3558],"class_list":["post-1635","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-marine-biology","tag-baleen-whales","tag-marine-biology","tag-skull-anatomy","tag-sound-conduction","tag-scientific-discovery","tag-whale-hearing"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1635","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1635"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1635\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25024,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1635\/revisions\/25024"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25023"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1635"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1635"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1635"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}