{"id":16352,"date":"2024-07-10T18:26:51","date_gmt":"2024-07-10T18:26:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16352"},"modified":"2024-07-10T18:26:51","modified_gmt":"2024-07-10T18:26:51","slug":"cannibalism-a-historical-perspective","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/anthropology\/cannibalism-a-historical-perspective\/","title":{"rendered":"Kanibalismus: Historick\u00e1 perspektiva"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kanibalismus: Historick\u00e1 perspektiva<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co je kanibalismus<\/h2>\n\n<p>Kanibalismus, akt poj\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00e9ho masa, m\u00e1 dlouhou a slo\u017eitou historii. Po stalet\u00ed byl praktikov\u00e1n jako technika p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed, kulturn\u00ed ritu\u00e1l a prost\u0159edek ob\u017eivy.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kanibalismus z d\u016fvodu p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Za extr\u00e9mn\u00edch okolnost\u00ed, jako jsou hladomory nebo uv\u00edznut\u00ed na opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b, se lid\u00e9 uchylovali ke kanibalismu, aby p\u0159e\u017eili. Jedn\u00edm pozoruhodn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem je v\u00fdprava Donner Party, skupiny americk\u00fdch pr\u016fkopn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed z\u016fstali uv\u011bzn\u011bni v poho\u0159\u00ed Sierra Nevada v zim\u011b 1846-47. Pot\u00e9, co vy\u010derpali sv\u00e9 z\u00e1soby j\u00eddla, se n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9 v\u00fdpravy obr\u00e1tili k kanibalismu, aby z\u016fstali na\u017eivu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kulturn\u00ed ritu\u00e1ly a zastra\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Kanibalismus byl tak\u00e9 za\u010dlen\u011bn do r\u016fzn\u00fdch kulturn\u00edch praktik po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. N\u011bkter\u00e9 kmeny konzumovaly maso sv\u00fdch zesnul\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch jako zp\u016fsob, jak je uct\u00edt a spojit se s nimi. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch byl kanibalismus pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n jako prost\u0159edek zastra\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed, kdy v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edci jedli maso sv\u00fdch nep\u0159\u00e1tel, aby jim nah\u00e1n\u011bli hr\u016fzu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Historick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady kanibalismu<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Koloradsk\u00fd kanibal: Alferd Packer<\/h2>\n\n<p>Alferd Packer, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako Koloradsk\u00fd kanibal, byl prospektor, kter\u00fd v roce 1874 vedl skupinu \u0161esti mu\u017e\u016f na pr\u016fzkum do pustiny v Coloradu. Kdy\u017e mu\u017ei zmizeli, Packer se vr\u00e1til s\u00e1m a tvrdil, \u017ee byli zabiti domorod\u00fdmi Ameri\u010dany. Pozd\u011bji v\u0161ak vy\u0161ly najevo d\u016fkazy, \u017ee Packer sv\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u00edky zavra\u017edil a se\u017eral.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Boone Helm: Horsk\u00fd kanibal<\/h2>\n\n<p>Boone Helm byl trapper, kter\u00fd p\u0159iznal, \u017ee praktikoval kanibalismus b\u011bhem dvou samostatn\u00fdch v\u00fdprav do hor. Tvrdil, \u017ee sn\u011bdl maso sv\u00fdch spole\u010dn\u00edk\u016f, kdy\u017e za\u010dalo b\u00fdt m\u00e1lo j\u00eddla.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Druh\u00e1 sv\u011btov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka a kanibalismus<\/h2>\n\n<p>B\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky byli japon\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci v tichomo\u0159sk\u00e9m v\u00e1l\u010di\u0161ti obvin\u011bni z kanibalismu. V jednom incidentu skupina japonsk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f s\u0165ala dva americk\u00e9 letce a sn\u011bdla jejich maso. Tento incident vyvolal ot\u00e1zky ohledn\u011b z\u00e1konnosti kanibalismu podle mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed postaven\u00ed kanibalismu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b zem\u00ed je dnes kanibalismus nez\u00e1konn\u00fd. V USA ani ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed v\u0161ak neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed z\u00e1kony proti n\u011bmu. M\u00edsto toho jsou osoby, kter\u00e9 se dopust\u00ed akt\u016f kanibalismu, obvykle obvin\u011bny z vra\u017edy, zneuct\u011bn\u00ed mrtvoly nebo nekrofilie.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u016fkazy o starov\u011bk\u00e9m kanibalismu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Archeologick\u00e9 d\u016fkazy nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee kanibalismus praktikovaly ji\u017e starov\u011bk\u00e9 kultury. V\u011bdci objevili lidsk\u00e9 kosti s \u0159ezn\u00fdmi stopami, kter\u00e9 odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed \u010depel\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch ke zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at. Genetick\u00e9 studie tak\u00e9 nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee ur\u010dit\u00e9 populace mohly vyvinout genetickou odolnost v\u016f\u010di infekc\u00edm spojen\u00fdm s kanibalismem.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Modern\u00ed pohledy na kanibalismus<\/h2>\n\n<p>Dnes je kanibalismus obecn\u011b vn\u00edm\u00e1n s hr\u016fzou a odporem. Je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za tabuizovanou praktiku, kter\u00e1 poru\u0161uje spole\u010densk\u00e9 a etick\u00e9 normy. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci v\u0161ak tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee kanibalismus mohl v minulosti sehr\u00e1t roli v p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed a evoluci lidsk\u00fdch populac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n<p>Kanibalismus je slo\u017eit\u00fd fenom\u00e9n s dlouhou a rozmanitou histori\u00ed. Byl praktikov\u00e1n z cel\u00e9 \u0159ady d\u016fvod\u016f, od p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159es ritu\u00e1ly a\u017e po zastra\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed. A\u010dkoli je dnes ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b zem\u00ed nez\u00e1konn\u00fd, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159edm\u011btem fascinace a debaty mezi historiky, antropology a dal\u0161\u00edmi v\u011bdci. Pochopen\u00ed historie kanibalismu m\u016f\u017ee poskytnout vhled do temn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch aspekt\u016f lidsk\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed a zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak\u00fdmi se na\u0161e spole\u010dnosti vyv\u00edjely.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kanibalismus: Historick\u00e1 perspektiva Co je kanibalismus Kanibalismus, akt poj\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00e9ho masa, m\u00e1 dlouhou a slo\u017eitou historii. Po stalet\u00ed byl praktikov\u00e1n jako technika p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed, kulturn\u00ed ritu\u00e1l a prost\u0159edek ob\u017eivy. Kanibalismus z&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23820,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[132,1280,27,5793,63,1839,1727,6261],"class_list":["post-16352","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-anthropology","tag-anthropology","tag-ethics","tag-history","tag-cannibalism","tag-culture","tag-survival","tag-rituals","tag-taboo"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16352","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16352"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16352\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16353,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16352\/revisions\/16353"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23820"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16352"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16352"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16352"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}