{"id":16367,"date":"2019-05-29T09:58:45","date_gmt":"2019-05-29T09:58:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16367"},"modified":"2019-05-29T09:58:45","modified_gmt":"2019-05-29T09:58:45","slug":"psychopathy-and-contagious-yawning","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/behavioral-science\/psychopathy-and-contagious-yawning\/","title":{"rendered":"Psychopatie a naka\u017eliv\u00e9 z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed: Hlubok\u00e1 cesta do temnoty empatie"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Psychopatie a naka\u017eliv\u00e9 z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed: Hlubok\u00fd ponor<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co je naka\u017eliv\u00e9 z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Naka\u017eliv\u00e9 z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed je nedobrovoln\u00e1 reakce na to, kdy\u017e n\u011bkdo uvid\u00ed nebo usly\u0161\u00ed jin\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka z\u00edvat. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee je to zn\u00e1mka empatie, proto\u017ee ukazuje spojen\u00ed s emo\u010dn\u00edm stavem druh\u00e9 osoby.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Psychopatie a empatie<\/h2>\n\n<p>Psychopatie je porucha osobnosti, kter\u00e1 se vyzna\u010duje nedostatkem empatie a emocion\u00e1ln\u00edch vazeb s ostatn\u00edmi. Lid\u00e9 s psychopatick\u00fdmi rysy maj\u00ed sklon b\u00fdt manipulativn\u00ed, impulzivn\u00ed a maj\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee s navazov\u00e1n\u00edm smyslupln\u00fdch vztah\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Studie<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie zkoumala vztah mezi psychopati\u00ed a naka\u017eliv\u00fdm z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dali, \u017ee lid\u00e9 s psychopatick\u00fdmi rysy budou m\u00edt men\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee se nakaz\u00ed z\u00edvnut\u00edm od ostatn\u00edch, a to kv\u016fli nedostatku empatie.<\/p>\n\n<p>Aby tuto hypot\u00e9zu otestovali, v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci rekrutovali skupinu \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f a nechali je vyplnit psychologick\u00fd test, aby zm\u011b\u0159ili jejich psychopatick\u00e9 rysy. \u00da\u010dastn\u00edk\u016fm byly pot\u00e9 uk\u00e1z\u00e1ny kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 videoklipy se z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm, \u00fasm\u011bvy a pr\u00e1zdn\u00fdmi v\u00fdrazy. Na jejich tv\u00e1\u0159e byly um\u00edst\u011bny elektrody, aby zaznamenaly po\u010det a frekvenci jejich z\u00edvnut\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako fyziologick\u00e9 reakce, jako jsou svalov\u00e9 pohyby a nervov\u00e9 reakce.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdsledky<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u00fdsledky studie uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm m\u00e9n\u011b empatie \u010dlov\u011bk projevil v psychologick\u00e9m testu, t\u00edm m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto z\u00edval jako reakci na videa. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee existuje korelace mezi psychopati\u00ed a sn\u00ed\u017eenou pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed naka\u017eliv\u00e9ho z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Omezen\u00ed studie<\/h2>\n\n<p>Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 poznamenat, \u017ee studie pouze zjistila korelaci mezi psychopati\u00ed a naka\u017eliv\u00fdm z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm. To neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee nez\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed je definitivn\u00edm znakem toho, \u017ee n\u011bkdo m\u00e1 psychopatick\u00e9 sklony. Mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch faktor\u016f, jako je \u00fanava nebo nedostatek soci\u00e1ln\u00edho kontaktu, m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 ovlivnit pravd\u011bpodobnost z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Implikace studie<\/h2>\n\n<p>Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed t\u00e9to studie maj\u00ed d\u016fsledky pro na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed psychopatie a empatie. Nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee naka\u017eliv\u00e9 z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem pro posouzen\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b empatie u jedinc\u016f, zejm\u00e9na u t\u011bch, u kter\u00fdch je podez\u0159en\u00ed na psychopatick\u00e9 rysy.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum<\/h2>\n\n<p>Je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu k prozkoum\u00e1n\u00ed vztahu mezi psychopati\u00ed a naka\u017eliv\u00fdm z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm. Budouc\u00ed studie by mohly zkoumat neuronov\u00e9 mechanismy, kter\u00e9 jsou z\u00e1kladem tohoto vztahu, stejn\u011b jako potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed naka\u017eliv\u00e9ho z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jako diagnostick\u00e9ho n\u00e1stroje pro psychopatii.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed informace<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Psychologick\u00fd test:<\/strong> Psychologick\u00fd test pou\u017eit\u00fd ve studii byl Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R), co\u017e je \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd n\u00e1stroj pro posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed psychopatick\u00fdch rys\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fyziologick\u00e9 reakce:<\/strong> Fyziologick\u00e9 reakce zaznamenan\u00e9 ve studii zahrnovaly elektromyografii (EMG) pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed svalov\u00e9ho pohybu a galvanickou ko\u017en\u00ed reakci (GSR) pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed nervov\u00fdch reakc\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Elektrody:<\/strong> Elektrody pou\u017eit\u00e9 ve studii byly um\u00edst\u011bny na obli\u010deje \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f v bl\u00edzkosti sval\u016f zapojen\u00fdch do z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Psychopatie a naka\u017eliv\u00e9 z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed: Hlubok\u00fd ponor Co je naka\u017eliv\u00e9 z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed? Naka\u017eliv\u00e9 z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed je nedobrovoln\u00e1 reakce na to, kdy\u017e n\u011bkdo uvid\u00ed nebo usly\u0161\u00ed jin\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka z\u00edvat. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee je to&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[734],"tags":[1249,19535,1579,1237,21687,5292],"class_list":["post-16367","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-behavioral-science","tag-empathy","tag-contagious-yawning","tag-neuroscience","tag-psychology","tag-psychopathy","tag-social-behavior"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16367","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16367"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16367\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16368,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16367\/revisions\/16368"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16367"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16367"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16367"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}