Prachov\u00e9 bou\u0159e na Marsu, obrovsk\u00e9 mraky drobn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic, kter\u00e9 obklopuj\u00ed planetu, mohou vytv\u00e1\u0159et miniaturn\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 jiskry zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako triboelektrick\u00e9 n\u00e1boje. Triboelektrick\u00fd jev nast\u00e1v\u00e1, kdy\u017e se povrchy nebo \u010d\u00e1stice t\u0159ou o sebe a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed statickou elekt\u0159inu. Tento jev lze b\u011b\u017en\u011b pozorovat na Zemi, nap\u0159\u00edklad kdy\u017e t\u0159eme bal\u00f3nek o vlasy nebo hlad\u00edme ko\u010dku.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159edchoz\u00ed v\u00fdzkum triboelektrick\u00e9ho nab\u00edjen\u00ed v prachov\u00fdch bou\u0159\u00edch na Marsu se op\u00edral o experimenty pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed nemarsovsk\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, jako je sope\u010dn\u00fd popel ze Zem\u011b. Tyto experimenty nazna\u010dily, \u017ee pozorovan\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky mohly b\u00fdt zp\u016fsobeny sp\u00ed\u0161e interakc\u00ed mezi popelem a experiment\u00e1ln\u00edmi n\u00e1dobami ne\u017e samotn\u00fdmi prachov\u00fdmi \u010d\u00e1sticemi.<\/p>\n\n
Abychom odstranili tato omezen\u00ed, ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie publikovan\u00e1 v \u010dasopise Icarus simulovala podm\u00ednky prachov\u00e9 bou\u0159e na Marsu p\u0159esn\u011bji. V\u011bdci pou\u017eili \u010dedi\u010dov\u00fd popel z mexick\u00e9 sopky Xitle, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 podobn\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed jako marsovsk\u00fd prach. Popel byl suspendov\u00e1n a v\u00ed\u0159en ve sklen\u011bn\u00fdch n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch s proudy oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho, co\u017e napodobovalo atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fd tlak na Marsu.<\/p>\n\n
Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed studie poskytuj\u00ed d\u016fkazy o v\u00fdskytu triboelektrick\u00fdch n\u00e1boj\u016f v prachov\u00fdch bou\u0159\u00edch na Marsu. B\u011bhem experimentu se vytvo\u0159ily mal\u00e9 statick\u00e9 jiskry, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee se sr\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed prachov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice mohou za podm\u00ednek na Marsu nab\u00edjet elekt\u0159inou.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159\u00edtomnost triboelektrick\u00fdch n\u00e1boj\u016f v prachov\u00fdch bou\u0159\u00edch na Marsu by mohla m\u00edt v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry planety a jej\u00edho potenci\u00e1lu pro podporu \u017eivota. V\u011bdci spekuluj\u00ed, \u017ee tyto n\u00e1boje by mohly p\u0159isp\u00edvat ke vzniku blesk\u016f, i kdy\u017e v mnohem men\u0161\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku ne\u017e pozemsk\u00e9 bou\u0159ky s blesky.<\/p>\n\n
Studie nazna\u010duje, \u017ee je nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by elektrick\u00e1 aktivita spojen\u00e1 s prachov\u00fdmi bou\u0159emi na Marsu p\u0159edstavovala nebezpe\u010d\u00ed pro pr\u016fzkumn\u00e1 voz\u00edtka. Jiskry jsou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mal\u00e9 na to, aby mohly po\u0161kodit citlivou elektroniku voz\u00edtek.<\/p>\n\n
Potvrzen\u00ed existence triboelektrick\u00fdch n\u00e1boj\u016f v prachov\u00fdch bou\u0159\u00edch na Marsu vy\u017eaduje p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed na povrchu planety. Rover Perseverance agentury NASA, kter\u00fd p\u0159ist\u00e1l na Marsu v \u00fanoru 2021, je dob\u0159e um\u00edst\u011bn k zachycen\u00ed prvn\u00edho vizu\u00e1ln\u00edho d\u016fkazu tohoto jevu. Citliv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje roveru dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed detekovat elektrickou aktivitu a sledovat chov\u00e1n\u00ed prachov\u00fdch bou\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed t\u00e9to studie poskytuj\u00ed nov\u00fd pohled na elektrick\u00e9 vlastnosti prachov\u00fdch bou\u0159\u00ed na Marsu. Potenci\u00e1l pro triboelektrick\u00e9 nab\u00edjen\u00ed by mohl roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry planety a jej\u00edho potenci\u00e1lu pro podporu \u017eivota. Budouc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum a pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed z voz\u00edtek, jako je Perseverance, pomohou d\u00e1le odhalit tajemstv\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed Marsu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Prachov\u00e9 bou\u0159e na Marsu: Mo\u017en\u00fd zdroj elektrick\u00e9 aktivity Triboelektrick\u00fd jev a statick\u00e9 n\u00e1boje v marsovsk\u00e9m prachu Prachov\u00e9 bou\u0159e na Marsu, obrovsk\u00e9 mraky drobn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic, kter\u00e9 obklopuj\u00ed planetu, mohou vytv\u00e1\u0159et miniaturn\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[985],"tags":[436,21717,815,2419,21718],"class_list":["post-16390","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-planetary-science","tag-astrophysics","tag-martian-dust-storms","tag-planetary-science","tag-mars-exploration","tag-triboelectric-charges"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16390","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16390"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16390\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16391,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16390\/revisions\/16391"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16390"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16390"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16390"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}