{"id":1641,"date":"2022-10-23T12:34:12","date_gmt":"2022-10-23T12:34:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=1641"},"modified":"2022-10-23T12:34:12","modified_gmt":"2022-10-23T12:34:12","slug":"ulysses-s-grants-complex-relationship-with-slavery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/uncategorized\/ulysses-s-grants-complex-relationship-with-slavery\/","title":{"rendered":"Slo\u017eit\u00fd vztah Ulyssese S. Granta k otroctv\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ulysses S. Grant\u016fv slo\u017eit\u00fd vztah k otroctv\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Ran\u00fd \u017eivot a p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Ulysses S. Grant, budouc\u00ed unionistick\u00fd gener\u00e1l b\u011bhem ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, vyr\u016fstal v dom\u00e1cnosti, kter\u00e1 byla proti otroctv\u00ed. Kdy\u017e se v\u0161ak v roce 1848 o\u017eenil s Juli\u00ed Dent Grantovou, vstoupil do rodiny, kter\u00e1 vlastnila otroky. Grant zpo\u010d\u00e1tku otroctv\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u011b nekritizoval a dokonce z n\u011bj finan\u010dn\u011b t\u011b\u017eil.<\/p>\n\n

White Haven a otrock\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce<\/h2>\n\n

V letech 1854 a\u017e 1858 pracoval Grant jako farm\u00e1\u0159 ve White Haven, statku sv\u00e9ho tch\u00e1na v Missouri. Otro\u010dt\u00ed d\u011bln\u00edci hr\u00e1li v jeho ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli, obd\u011bl\u00e1vali pole, k\u00e1celi d\u0159evo a stav\u011bli jeho d\u016fm. Mary Robinsonov\u00e1, otrock\u00e1 kucha\u0159ka, byla obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b cen\u011bna pro sv\u00e9 kulin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 dovednosti.<\/p>\n\n

Ob\u010dansk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka a m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se n\u00e1zory<\/h2>\n\n

Na za\u010d\u00e1tku ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky nebyl Grant abolicionista. Kdy\u017e v\u0161ak na vlastn\u00ed o\u010di vid\u011bl hr\u016fzy otroctv\u00ed, jeho n\u00e1zory se za\u010daly m\u011bnit. V srpnu 1863 prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee otroctv\u00ed je \u201eji\u017e mrtv\u00e9 a nelze ho vzk\u0159\u00edsit\u201c. Stal se tak\u00e9 siln\u00fdm zast\u00e1ncem n\u00e1boru \u010dern\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f, proto\u017ee rozpoznal jejich potenci\u00e1l oslabit Konfederaci a pos\u00edlit Unii.<\/p>\n\n

Julia Dent Grantov\u00e1 a zotro\u010den\u00ed jedinci<\/h2>\n\n

Julia Dent Grantov\u00e1 vlastnila \u010dty\u0159i zotro\u010den\u00e9 jedince, v\u010detn\u011b Jule, kter\u00e1 j\u00ed slou\u017eila jako zdravotn\u00ed sestra a slu\u017eebn\u00e1 po v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159i desetilet\u00ed. Jule cestovala s Juli\u00ed po celou dobu v\u00e1lky a byla zn\u00e1mou tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v unionistick\u00fdch t\u00e1borech. P\u0159es bl\u00edzk\u00fd vztah mezi Jule a rodinou Grantov\u00fdch vyu\u017eila v roce 1864 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti k \u00fat\u011bku za svobodou.<\/p>\n\n

Emancipace a propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Emancipa\u010dn\u00ed proklamace z roku 1863 okam\u017eit\u011b neosvobodila v\u0161echny zotro\u010den\u00e9 lidi v Missouri, proto\u017ee st\u00e1t nebyl sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Konfederace. Julia Dent Grantov\u00e1 se domn\u00edvala, \u017ee jej\u00ed zotro\u010den\u00ed jedinci byli prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm osvobozeni, ale to nebyla pravda. V roce 1859 Grant osvobodil zotro\u010den\u00e9ho d\u011bln\u00edka jm\u00e9nem William Jones, ale d\u016fvody tohoto \u010dinu z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed nejasn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n

Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kontext otroctv\u00ed v Missouri<\/h2>\n\n

Otroctv\u00ed v Missouri bylo extr\u00e9mn\u011b brut\u00e1ln\u00ed a represivn\u00ed. Zotro\u010den\u00ed lid\u00e9 \u010delili tvrd\u00fdm trest\u016fm i za men\u0161\u00ed p\u0159estupky a byla jim up\u00edr\u00e1na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pr\u00e1va. Status svobodn\u00fdch \u010dernoch\u016f byl jen o n\u011bco vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e status zotro\u010den\u00fdch a \u010delili diskriminaci a pr\u00e1vn\u00edm omezen\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n

P\u0159\u00edpad Dred Scott a jeho dopad<\/h2>\n\n

Hanebn\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpadu Dred Scott vs. Sandford v roce 1857 d\u00e1le oslabilo pr\u00e1va svobodn\u00fdch \u010dern\u00fdch lid\u00ed v Missouri. P\u0159edseda Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu Roger B. Taney tvrdil, \u017ee \u010derno\u0161i, a\u0165 u\u017e svobodn\u00ed nebo zotro\u010den\u00ed, nemohou b\u00fdt ob\u010dany podle \u00fastavy. Toto rozhodnut\u00ed vyost\u0159ilo nap\u011bt\u00ed a p\u0159isp\u011blo k rostouc\u00ed propasti mezi severem a jihem.<\/p>\n\n

Grantova prom\u011bna a odkaz<\/h2>\n\n

P\u0159es sv\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zapojen\u00ed do otroctv\u00ed se Ulysses S. Grant stal v\u016fd\u010d\u00ed osobnost\u00ed v boji proti t\u00e9to instituci. V\u011b\u0159il, \u017ee odvod \u010dern\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f pos\u00edl\u00ed Unii a oslab\u00ed Konfederaci. Grantova prom\u011bna z majitele otrok\u016f v zast\u00e1nce zru\u0161en\u00ed otroctv\u00ed odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed slo\u017eitou a m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se povahu americk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti v obdob\u00ed ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.<\/p>\n\n

Nav\u0161tivte n\u00e1rodn\u00ed historick\u00e9 m\u00edsto Ulyssese S. Granta<\/h2>\n\n

Chcete-li se dozv\u011bd\u011bt v\u00edce o vztahu Ulyssese S. Granta k otroctv\u00ed, nav\u0161tivte n\u00e1rodn\u00ed historick\u00e9 m\u00edsto Ulysses S. Grant ve White Haven v St. Louis. Toto m\u00edsto uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 statek, kde Grant a jeho rodina \u017eili a pracovali, a poskytuje jedine\u010dn\u00fd pohled na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a historick\u00fd kontext otroctv\u00ed ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ulysses S. Grant\u016fv slo\u017eit\u00fd vztah k otroctv\u00ed Ran\u00fd \u017eivot a p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed Ulysses S. Grant, budouc\u00ed unionistick\u00fd gener\u00e1l b\u011bhem ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, vyr\u016fstal v dom\u00e1cnosti, kter\u00e1 byla proti otroctv\u00ed. Kdy\u017e se v\u0161ak…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[353,1001,27,765,3566],"class_list":["post-1641","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-abolitionism","tag-civil-war","tag-history","tag-slavery","tag-ulysses-s-grant"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1641","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1641"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1641\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1642,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1641\/revisions\/1642"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1641"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1641"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1641"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}