Triceratops, ikonick\u00fd dinosaurus se sv\u00fdmi t\u0159emi charakteristick\u00fdmi rohy, je jedn\u00edm z nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch prehistorick\u00fdch tvor\u016f. Toto\u017enost tohoto dinosaura v\u0161ak nebyla v\u017edy tak jasn\u00e1. Koncem 19. stolet\u00ed byl triceratops zpo\u010d\u00e1tku zam\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n s ob\u0159\u00edm bizonem.<\/p>\n\n
V roce 1887 objevil u\u010ditel st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161koly George Cannon dva velk\u00e9 rohy a \u010d\u00e1st lebky v Coloradu. Tyto fosilie poslal Othnielu Charlesi Marshovi, v\u00fdznamn\u00e9mu paleontologovi z Yaleovy univerzity. Marsh se zpo\u010d\u00e1tku domn\u00edval, \u017ee rohy pat\u0159\u00ed ob\u0159\u00edmu bizonovi, a pojmenoval tvora \u201eBison alticornis\u201c.<\/p>\n\n
Marshovy n\u00e1zory na podstatu fos\u00edli\u00ed se v\u0161ak brzy zm\u011bnily. V roce 1888 pojmenoval podobn\u00e9ho dinosaura \u201eCeratops\u201c na z\u00e1klad\u011b men\u0161\u00edch roh\u016f, kter\u00e9 mu byly zasl\u00e1ny. Marsh p\u016fvodn\u011b myslel, \u017ee tyto rohy byly hroty podobn\u00e9 t\u011bm na stegosaurovi.<\/p>\n\n
Dal\u0161\u00ed objevy zkamen\u011blin rohat\u00fdch dinosaur\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 lebky Triceratops horridus v roce 1889, vedly Marshe k p\u0159ehodnocen\u00ed jeho z\u00e1v\u011br\u016f. Uv\u011bdomil si, \u017ee dlouh\u00e9, \u0161pi\u010dat\u00e9 struktury byly rohy jedine\u010dn\u00e9 pro d\u0159\u00edve nerozpoznanou skupinu dinosaur\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Marshova po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed chyba zd\u016fraz\u0148uje v\u00fdznam srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed anatomie p\u0159i identifikaci nov\u00fdch druh\u016f. Porovn\u00e1n\u00edm roh\u016f triceratopse s rohy zn\u00e1m\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at byl Marsh schopen z\u00fa\u017eit rozsah mo\u017enost\u00ed. Teprve objevem kompletn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch exempl\u00e1\u0159\u016f v\u0161ak byla odhalena skute\u010dn\u00e1 podstata triceratopse.<\/p>\n\n
A\u010dkoli Marsh zpo\u010d\u00e1tku zam\u011b\u0148oval triceratopse s bizonem, existuj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 anatomick\u00e9 podobnosti mezi t\u011bmito dv\u011bma zv\u00ed\u0159aty. Triceratops i bizoni maj\u00ed rohy, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159ipevn\u011bny ke stropu lebky. Rohov\u00fd triceratopse jsou v\u0161ak mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a robustn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e rohy bizona.<\/p>\n\n
Marshovy chyby tak\u00e9 odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed omezen\u00e9 znalosti o dinosaurech na konci 19. stolet\u00ed. Nikdo je\u0161t\u011b nevid\u011bl kompletn\u00edho ceratopsi\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho dinosaura a Marsh m\u011bl k dispozici pouze n\u011bkolik fragment\u00e1rn\u00edch zkamen\u011blin. S ni\u010d\u00edm jin\u00fdm k porovn\u00e1n\u00ed je pochopiteln\u00e9, \u017ee u\u010dinil nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bry.<\/p>\n\n
Marshovy chyby by nem\u011bly b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za selh\u00e1n\u00ed, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e za d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 kroky v procesu v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho objevov\u00e1n\u00ed. Zpochyb\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm existuj\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159edpoklad\u016f a zkoum\u00e1n\u00edm r\u016fzn\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed mohou v\u011bdci z\u00edskat nov\u00e9 poznatky a prohloubit na\u0161e porozum\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmu sv\u011btu.<\/p>\n\n
Triceratops byl skute\u010dn\u011b n\u00e1dhern\u00fd tvor, na rozd\u00edl od kter\u00e9hokoli jin\u00e9ho zv\u00ed\u0159ete, kter\u00e9 kdy \u017eilo. Jeho masivn\u00ed rohy a v\u00fdrazn\u00fd l\u00edmec ho odli\u0161ovaly od v\u0161ech ostatn\u00edch dinosaur\u016f. Je to sv\u011bdectv\u00edm o s\u00edle v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee jsme byli schopni poskl\u00e1dat dohromady skl\u00e1da\u010dku toto\u017enosti triceratopse a dozv\u011bd\u011bt se o tomto \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9m prehistorick\u00e9m obrovi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Triceratops: Z ob\u0159\u00edho bizona na rohat\u00e9ho dinosaura Triceratops: T\u0159\u00edroh\u00fd obr Triceratops, ikonick\u00fd dinosaurus se sv\u00fdmi t\u0159emi charakteristick\u00fdmi rohy, je jedn\u00edm z nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch prehistorick\u00fdch tvor\u016f. Toto\u017enost tohoto dinosaura v\u0161ak nebyla v\u017edy…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[138],"tags":[134,137,141,2701,97],"class_list":["post-16418","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-paleontology","tag-dinosaurs","tag-paleontology","tag-natural-history","tag-triceratops","tag-science"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16418","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16418"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16418\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16419,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16418\/revisions\/16419"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16418"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16418"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16418"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}