N\u00e1rodn\u00ed park Isle Royale v jeze\u0159e Superior je unik\u00e1tn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd poskytl v\u011bdc\u016fm p\u0159irozenou laborato\u0159 pro studium evoluce. Ostrov je domovem populace los\u016f a vlk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed spolu interaguj\u00ed ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 70 let, co\u017e z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed nejdel\u0161\u00ed prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed studii vztahu pred\u00e1tor-ko\u0159ist na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n\n
V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci ze studie vlk\u016f a los\u016f Isle Royale u\u010dinili pr\u016fkopnick\u00e9 objevy o tom, jak se tyto dva druhy vyvinuly v reakci na sebe navz\u00e1jem. Vlci ovlivnili velikost a chov\u00e1n\u00ed los\u016f, zat\u00edmco losi ovlivnili loveck\u00e9 strategie vlk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Koevoluce je proces, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m se dva druhy vyv\u00edjej\u00ed v reakci na adaptace toho druh\u00e9ho. Na Isle Royale jsou vlci a losi po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed uzam\u010deni v koevolu\u010dn\u00edm z\u00e1vod\u011b ve zbrojen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Vlci se vyvinuli tak, aby byli efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v lovu los\u016f, zat\u00edmco losi se vyvinuli tak, aby byli odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u016f\u010di pred\u00e1tor\u016fm. Nap\u0159\u00edklad vlci se nau\u010dili zam\u011b\u0159ovat na men\u0161\u00ed losy, kter\u00e9 se snadn\u011bji lov\u00ed. V reakci na to se losi vyvinuli tak, \u017ee jsou v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, co\u017e je pro vlky obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zab\u00edt.<\/p>\n\n
Prost\u0159ed\u00ed hraje tak\u00e9 v\u00fdznamnou roli ve vztahu vlk-los. Rostlinn\u00fd \u017eivot, po\u010das\u00ed a nemoci mohou ovlivnit populace obou druh\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Nap\u0159\u00edklad studen\u00e1 zima m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 \u00famrtnosti los\u016f, zat\u00edmco tepl\u00e1 zima m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165at los\u016f, kter\u00e1 mohou oslabit losy a usnadnit vlk\u016fm jejich zabit\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Studie vlk\u016f a los\u016f Isle Royale je zdaleka u konce. V\u011bdci nad\u00e1le shroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00ed data o populac\u00edch vlk\u016f a los\u016f a tak\u00e9 o environment\u00e1ln\u00edch faktorech, kter\u00e9 je ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Jedn\u00edm z nejnal\u00e9hav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f pro budoucnost studie je nedostatek vl\u010dic na ostrov\u011b. Od roku 2007 jsou v\u0161ichni vlci z Isle Royale p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed jedin\u00e9mu samci, co\u017e by mohlo v\u00e9st k incestu a genetick\u00fdm probl\u00e9m\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n
N\u00e1rodn\u00ed park Isle Royale je otev\u0159en pro n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edky od dubna do \u0159\u00edjna. N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci se mohou p\u0159epravit trajekty z p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f v Minnesot\u011b a Michiganu. Park nab\u00edz\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 expedice pro nev\u011bdeck\u00e9 pracovn\u00edky a t\u00fddenn\u00ed v\u00fdpravy do divo\u010diny za \u00fa\u010delem sb\u011bru kost\u00ed los\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Studie vlk\u016f a los\u016f Isle Royale je jedine\u010dn\u00fd a cenn\u00fd zdroj pro studium evoluce. Studie poskytla poznatky o slo\u017eit\u00e9m vztahu mezi pred\u00e1tory a ko\u0159ist\u00ed a o roli prost\u0159ed\u00ed p\u0159i formov\u00e1n\u00ed evoluce.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Isle Royale: P\u0159irozen\u00e1 laborato\u0159 pro studium evoluce Studie vlk\u016f a los\u016f N\u00e1rodn\u00ed park Isle Royale v jeze\u0159e Superior je unik\u00e1tn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd poskytl v\u011bdc\u016fm p\u0159irozenou laborato\u0159 pro studium evoluce. Ostrov…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5143],"tags":[16560,219,136,21749,15510,52,5979,2283],"class_list":["post-16422","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ecology-and-evolution","tag-wildlife-biology","tag-ecology","tag-evolution","tag-isle-royale","tag-co-evolution","tag-moose","tag-wolves","tag-predator-prey-relationships"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16422","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16422"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16422\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16423,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16422\/revisions\/16423"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16422"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16422"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16422"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}