Hluboko v nitru \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fdch Alp stoj\u00ed Gotthardsk\u00fd \u00fapatn\u00ed tunel jako d\u016fkaz lidsk\u00e9 vynal\u00e9zavosti a mistrovstv\u00ed in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed. S \u00fa\u017easnou d\u00e9lkou 35,4 mil je to nejdel\u0161\u00ed tunel na sv\u011bt\u011b, podzemn\u00ed mistrovsk\u00e9 d\u00edlo, kter\u00e9 p\u0159etvo\u0159ilo dopravu a logistiku v Evrop\u011b.<\/p>\n\n
Majest\u00e1tn\u00ed Alpy p\u0159edstavovaly po dlouhou dobu nep\u0159ekonatelnou bari\u00e9ru pro \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed dopravu mezi Severn\u00edm mo\u0159em a St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00edm. V roce 1882 byl vybudov\u00e1n star\u00fd Gotthardsk\u00fd tunel, kter\u00fd m\u011b\u0159il pouh\u00fdch 9,3 mil, aby p\u0159ekonal tuto v\u00fdzvu. Jeho vysok\u00e1 nadmo\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka p\u0159es 3 600 stop v\u0161ak cestu zna\u010dn\u011b zpomalila a zt\u00ed\u017eila.<\/p>\n\n
V roce 1992 hlasovali \u0161v\u00fdcar\u0161t\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9 ve prosp\u011bch ambici\u00f3zn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu vybudovat tunel, kter\u00fd by vedl pod horami. Tento odv\u00e1\u017en\u00fd projekt vy\u017eadoval odbornost 2 600 d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed ne\u00fanavn\u011b pracovali ve sm\u011bnn\u00e9m provozu \u010dty\u0159iadvacet hodin denn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n
V\u00fdstavba Gotthardsk\u00e9ho \u00fapatn\u00edho tunelu byla symfoni\u00ed inovac\u00ed a technologick\u00e9ho pokroku. \u010cty\u0159i ob\u0159\u00ed razic\u00ed stroje, ka\u017ed\u00fd dlouh\u00fd jako \u010dty\u0159i fotbalov\u00e1 h\u0159i\u0161t\u011b, se ne\u00faprosn\u011b prokous\u00e1valy sk\u00e1lou. Vrtn\u00e9 hlavy osazen\u00e9 58 ocelov\u00fdmi “v\u00e1lcov\u00fdmi fr\u00e9zami” na drcen\u00ed hornin vyv\u00edjely s\u00edlu 26 tun a razily cestu nepoddajn\u00fdm kamenem rychlost\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 130 stop za den.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159esnost vrt\u00e1n\u00ed byla pozoruhodn\u00e1. Kdy\u017e se severn\u00ed a ji\u017en\u00ed tunel kone\u010dn\u011b setkaly uprost\u0159ed, po t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 18 m\u00edl\u00edch v\u00fdkop\u016f z obou sm\u011br\u016f, d\u011blilo je jen n\u011bkolik centimetr\u016f \u2013 d\u016fkaz p\u0159esn\u00e9ho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 bylo pou\u017eito.<\/p>\n\n
Gotthardsk\u00fd \u00fapatn\u00ed tunel nejen\u017ee zdokonaluje dopravu, ale podporuje tak\u00e9 ekologickou udr\u017eitelnost. P\u0159esunut\u00edm 40 milion\u016f tun n\u00e1kladu ro\u010dn\u011b ze silnic na koleje tunel v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. To odpov\u00edd\u00e1 odstran\u011bn\u00ed 650 000 n\u00e1kladn\u00edch vozidel z evropsk\u00fdch silnic ka\u017ed\u00fd rok.<\/p>\n\n
Ekonomick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ednosy tunelu jsou tak\u00e9 zna\u010dn\u00e9. Vlaky \u0160v\u00fdcarsk\u00fdch spolkov\u00fdch drah nyn\u00ed mohou p\u0159epravovat a\u017e 15 000 cestuj\u00edc\u00edch denn\u011b tunely rychlost\u00ed 155 mil za hodinu, co\u017e zkracuje dobu j\u00edzdy mezi hlavn\u00edmi m\u011bsty. Krom\u011b toho kapacita tunelu pro 260 n\u00e1kladn\u00edch vlak\u016f denn\u011b, \u010dty\u0159ikr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edho st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho tunelu, usnadn\u00ed efektivn\u00ed p\u0159epravu zbo\u017e\u00ed po cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b, od \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9 \u010dokol\u00e1dy po italsk\u00e1 auta.<\/p>\n\n
Gotthardsk\u00fd \u00fapatn\u00ed tunel je z\u00e1\u0159n\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9 dokonalosti v \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00edm in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed. Jak hrd\u011b prohl\u00e1sil Daniel Achermann, \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk spolkov\u00fdch drah: “My jsme \u017eeleznici nevynalezli, ale nyn\u00ed jsme my \u0160v\u00fdca\u0159i nejlep\u0161\u00ed ve stavb\u011b \u017eeleznic.” Inovativn\u00ed n\u00e1vrh tunelu, pe\u010dliv\u00e1 v\u00fdstavba a ohled na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed div modern\u00edho sv\u011bta.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Gotthardsk\u00fd \u00fapatn\u00ed tunel: Z\u00e1zrak in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed Hluboko v nitru \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fdch Alp stoj\u00ed Gotthardsk\u00fd \u00fapatn\u00ed tunel jako d\u016fkaz lidsk\u00e9 vynal\u00e9zavosti a mistrovstv\u00ed in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed. S \u00fa\u017easnou d\u00e9lkou 35,4 mil je to nejdel\u0161\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1213],"tags":[3696,21782,3100,21783,1073],"class_list":["post-16450","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-engineering","tag-environmental-sustainability","tag-gotthard-base-tunnel","tag-transportation-innovation","tag-swiss-excellence","tag-engineering-marvel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16450","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16450"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16450\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16451,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16450\/revisions\/16451"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16450"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16450"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16450"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}