Po cel\u00e1 stalet\u00ed v\u011bdci v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee ko\u010dky byly domestikov\u00e1ny v Egypt\u011b asi p\u0159ed 4 000 lety. Pr\u016fkopnick\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy DNA v\u0161ak zpochybnily tento dlouho tradovan\u00fd p\u0159edpoklad. V roce 2004 posunul objev 9 500 let star\u00e9ho lidsk\u00e9ho poh\u0159bu na Kypru, kter\u00fd obsahoval ko\u010di\u010d\u00ed kosti, \u010dasovou osu domestikace ko\u010dek. Dal\u0161\u00ed studie z roku 2014 d\u00e1le odhalila, \u017ee dom\u00e1c\u00ed ko\u010dky byly chov\u00e1ny v Horn\u00edm Egypt\u011b p\u0159ed 6 000 lety.<\/p>\n\n
Tyto objevy, spolu s chronologick\u00fdmi poznatky poskytnut\u00fdmi rozs\u00e1hlou studi\u00ed v\u00fdzkumnice Evy-Marie Geiglov\u00e9, vykresluj\u00ed slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obraz propojen\u00e9 historie lid\u00ed a ko\u010dek.<\/p>\n\n
Prvn\u00ed vlna expanze ko\u010dek se shodovala se vznikem zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed ve v\u00fdchodn\u00edm St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed a Turecku, kde \u017eili divoc\u00ed p\u0159edci dom\u00e1c\u00edch ko\u010dek. Jak lid\u00e9 za\u010dali skladovat obil\u00ed, ne\u00famysln\u011b p\u0159il\u00e1kali hlodavce. Tito hlodavci se zase stali zdrojem potravy pro divok\u00e9 ko\u010dky. Ran\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blci rozpoznali v\u00fdhody toho, \u017ee ko\u010dky kontroluj\u00ed populace hlodavc\u016f, a podporovali jejich p\u0159\u00edtomnost, co\u017e vedlo k postupn\u00e9 domestikaci ko\u010dek.<\/p>\n\n
O n\u011bkolik tis\u00edc let pozd\u011bji do\u0161lo k druh\u00e9 vln\u011b expanze ko\u010dek. Geiglin t\u00fdm objevil, \u017ee ko\u010dky s mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed lini\u00ed z Egypta se za\u010daly objevovat v Bulharsku, Turecku a subsaharsk\u00e9 Africe mezi 4. stolet\u00edm p\u0159. n. l. a 4. stolet\u00edm n. l. T\u00fdm se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci mohli za\u010d\u00edt chovat ko\u010dky na lod\u00edch p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b v t\u00e9to dob\u011b, aby kontrolovali hlodavce, a ne\u00famysln\u011b je roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ili do p\u0159\u00edstavn\u00edch m\u011bst b\u011bhem obchodn\u00edch mis\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159\u00edtomnost ko\u010dky s egyptskou mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed DNA na vikingsk\u00e9m nalezi\u0161ti v severn\u00edm N\u011bmecku, kter\u00e9 se datuje mezi 700 a 1000 n. l., poskytuje dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fkaz t\u00e9to ko\u010di\u010d\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed migrace.<\/p>\n\n
Anal\u00fdzou jadern\u00e9 DNA n\u011bkter\u00fdch vzork\u016f Geiglin t\u00fdm zjistil, \u017ee mutace zodpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za mourovat\u00e9 ko\u010dky nenastala d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e ve st\u0159edov\u011bku. Tento objev p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed vrstvu k na\u0161emu porozum\u011bn\u00ed genetick\u00e9 evoluce ko\u010dek.<\/p>\n\n
Jak v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci pokra\u010duj\u00ed v prohlubov\u00e1n\u00ed genetick\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed ko\u010dek, bezpochyby bude mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch odhalen\u00ed o jejich p\u016fvodu a slo\u017eit\u00e9m vztahu, kter\u00fd sd\u00edlej\u00ed s lidmi.<\/p>\n\n
Historie ko\u010dek a jejich vztahu s lidmi je dlouh\u00e1 a mnohostrann\u00e1. Od jejich skromn\u00fdch za\u010d\u00e1tk\u016f jako regul\u00e1tor\u016f hlodavc\u016f v zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch spole\u010dnostech a\u017e po jejich roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159enou p\u0159\u00edtomnost jako milovan\u00fdch spole\u010dn\u00edk\u016f v modern\u00edch dom\u00e1cnostech, ko\u010dky zanechaly trval\u00fd otisk v lidsk\u00fdch d\u011bjin\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n
Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed anal\u00fdza DNA nejen osv\u011btlila \u010dasovou osu domestikace ko\u010dek, ale tak\u00e9 zd\u016fraznila pozoruhodnou cestu t\u011bchto fascinuj\u00edc\u00edch tvor\u016f, jak se \u0161\u00ed\u0159ily po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, p\u0159izp\u016fsobovaly se r\u016fzn\u00fdm prost\u0159ed\u00edm a vytv\u00e1\u0159ely trval\u00e9 pouto s lidmi po cest\u011b.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Pozoruhodn\u00e1 cesta ko\u010dek: jak se ko\u010di\u010d\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ili po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b Odhalen\u00ed p\u016fvodu ko\u010dek pomoc\u00ed anal\u00fdzy DNA Po cel\u00e1 stalet\u00ed v\u011bdci v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee ko\u010dky byly domestikov\u00e1ny v Egypt\u011b asi p\u0159ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[3147,136,188,27,1707],"class_list":["post-16454","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zoology","tag-domestication","tag-evolution","tag-genetics","tag-history","tag-cats"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16454","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16454"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16454\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16455,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16454\/revisions\/16455"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16454"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16454"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16454"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}