Mrtvoln\u00e1 kv\u011btina, Amorphophallus titanium, je vz\u00e1cn\u00e1 a neobvykl\u00e1 rostlina, kter\u00e1 uchvacuje sv\u011bt sv\u00fdm jedine\u010dn\u00fdm vzhledem a nepravideln\u00fdm cyklem kveten\u00ed. Jej\u00ed genetick\u00e1 diverzita je v\u0161ak n\u00edzk\u00e1, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdznamnou hrozbu pro jej\u00ed existenci. Inbreeding, ke kter\u00e9mu doch\u00e1z\u00ed, kdy\u017e se p\u00e1\u0159\u00ed \u00fazce p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed jedinci, m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k ne\u017eivotaschopn\u00fdm semen\u016fm a celkov\u00e9mu poklesu zdrav\u00ed rostliny.<\/p>\n\n
Aby tento probl\u00e9m vy\u0159e\u0161ili, p\u0159ijali p\u011bstitel\u00e9 metodu inspirovanou “plemenn\u00fdmi knihami”, co\u017e jsou genetick\u00e9 mapy tradi\u010dn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9m chovu a zoologick\u00fdch zahrad\u00e1ch k prevenci inbreedingu. Plemenn\u00e1 kniha mrtvoln\u00fdch kv\u011btin sleduje genetickou v\u00fdbavu jednotliv\u00fdch rostlin, co\u017e v\u011bdc\u016fm umo\u017e\u0148uje identifikovat nejlep\u0161\u00ed shody pro k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9 opylen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Botanick\u00e9 zahrady hraj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v ochran\u011b ohro\u017een\u00fdch rostlinn\u00fdch druh\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b mrtvoln\u00e9 kv\u011btiny. V roce 2019 spustila Chicagsk\u00e1 botanick\u00e1 zahrada projekt “N\u00e1stroje a zdroje pro ohro\u017een\u00e9 a v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9 rostlinn\u00e9 druhy” (TREES), aby vytvo\u0159ila datab\u00e1zi podobnou plemenn\u00e9 knize pro \u0161est vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch rostlinn\u00fdch druh\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b mrtvoln\u00e9 kv\u011btiny.<\/p>\n\n
Mnoho rostlin v projektu TREES, v\u010detn\u011b mrtvoln\u00e9 kv\u011btiny, m\u00e1 vzdorovit\u00e1 semena. Tato semena nevydr\u017e\u00ed zmrazov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo su\u0161en\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v tradi\u010dn\u00edch semenn\u00fdch bank\u00e1ch a pro sv\u00e9 p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed vy\u017eaduj\u00ed specifick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky. Ve voln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9 \u010dasto konzumuj\u00ed a rozptyluj\u00ed vzdorovit\u00e1 semena.<\/p>\n\n
Mrtvoln\u00e9 kv\u011btiny se mohou rozmno\u017eovat jak asexu\u00e1ln\u011b, tak sexu\u00e1ln\u011b. Asexu\u00e1ln\u00ed rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed mnoho geneticky identick\u00fdch rostlin, zat\u00edmco sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed zahrnuje splynut\u00ed pylu a vaj\u00ed\u010dek za \u00fa\u010delem vytvo\u0159en\u00ed geneticky rozmanit\u00fdch potomk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Proto\u017ee mrtvoln\u00e9 kv\u011bty kvetou jen po kr\u00e1tkou dobu, mus\u00ed je botanici um\u011ble opylovat, aby vytvo\u0159ili v\u00edce potomk\u016f a genetickou variaci. Tak\u00e9 sb\u00edraj\u00ed pyl z kvetouc\u00edch rostlin, aby jej sd\u00edleli s jin\u00fdmi botanick\u00fdmi zahradami za \u00fa\u010delem k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9ho opylen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
V roce 2020 mrtvoln\u00e1 kv\u011btina jm\u00e9nem “Sprout” v Longwood Botanical Gardens v Pennsylv\u00e1nii vykvetla podruh\u00e9. K um\u011bl\u00e9mu opylen\u00ed Sprout byl pou\u017eit pyl z Chicagsk\u00e9 botanick\u00e9 zahrady, co\u017e vedlo k produkci \u017eivotaschopn\u00fdch semen.<\/p>\n\n
Spolupr\u00e1ce mezi botanick\u00fdmi zahradami je nezbytn\u00e1 pro zachov\u00e1n\u00ed kriticky ohro\u017een\u00fdch rostlinn\u00fdch druh\u016f. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci z Chicagsk\u00e9 botanick\u00e9 zahrady zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitost spolupr\u00e1ce p\u0159i z\u00e1chran\u011b t\u011bchto druh\u016f, proto\u017ee jednotliv\u00e9 zahrady tento \u00fakol samy zvl\u00e1dnout nemohou.<\/p>\n\n
Projekt TREES m\u00e1 za c\u00edl nejen zachr\u00e1nit vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 druhy, jako je mrtvoln\u00e1 kv\u011btina, ale tak\u00e9 vyvinout principy, kter\u00e9 lze v budoucnu aplikovat na ochranu dal\u0161\u00edch ohro\u017een\u00fdch druh\u016f rostlin.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Z\u00e1chrana mrtvoln\u00e9 kv\u011btiny: spole\u010dn\u00e1 snaha Genetick\u00e1 diverzita: kl\u00ed\u010d k p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed Mrtvoln\u00e1 kv\u011btina, Amorphophallus titanium, je vz\u00e1cn\u00e1 a neobvykl\u00e1 rostlina, kter\u00e1 uchvacuje sv\u011bt sv\u00fdm jedine\u010dn\u00fdm vzhledem a nepravideln\u00fdm cyklem kveten\u00ed. Jej\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1823],"tags":[21799,2748,21801,19735,21798,21803,21802,21800],"class_list":["post-16470","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-botany","tag-botanic-gardens","tag-genetic-diversity","tag-cross-pollination","tag-corpse-flower","tag-plant-conservation","tag-recalcitrant-seeds","tag-trees-project","tag-artificial-pollination"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16470","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16470"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16470\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16471,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16470\/revisions\/16471"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16470"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16470"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16470"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}