Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee arktick\u00fd mo\u0159sk\u00fd led taje v d\u016fsledku klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn, kosatky, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 tak\u00e9 jako zabij\u00e1ci velryb, se vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed do d\u0159\u00edve zaledn\u011bn\u00fdch vod. Tato expanze m\u00e1 kask\u00e1dov\u00fd efekt na arktick\u00fd ekosyst\u00e9m, v\u010detn\u011b konkurence o zdroje s jin\u00fdmi druhy a zm\u011bn v chov\u00e1n\u00ed a strav\u011b ko\u0159isti.<\/p>\n\n
Akustick\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy odhaluj\u00ed, \u017ee se kosatky st\u011bhuj\u00ed do oblast\u00ed Arktidy, kter\u00e9 byly d\u0159\u00edve pokryty ledem. Tento pohyb je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zp\u016fsoben \u00fabytkem arktick\u00e9ho mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho ledu, kter\u00fd od roku 1981 taje pr\u016fm\u011brnou rychlost\u00ed 13 % za desetilet\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Kosatky jsou nyn\u00ed pozorov\u00e1ny v \u010cukotsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i b\u011bhem m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly historicky pokryty ledem. Tak\u00e9 p\u0159iplouvaj\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve v l\u00e9t\u011b, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b kv\u016fli teplej\u0161\u00edm teplot\u00e1m a taj\u00edc\u00edmu ledu.<\/p>\n\n
Kosatky jako vrcholov\u00ed pred\u00e1to\u0159i hraj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v arktick\u00e9m potravn\u00edm \u0159et\u011bzci. \u017div\u00ed se rybami, tuleni a dokonce i dal\u0161\u00edmi kytovci, jako jsou velryby gr\u00f3nsk\u00e9 a b\u011bluhy.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159\u00edtomnost kosatek v Arktid\u011b vedla ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed po\u010dtu nalezen\u00fdch potrhan\u00fdch jate\u010dn\u00fdch t\u011bl velryb gr\u00f3nsk\u00fdch v mo\u0159\u00edch. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee kosatky lov\u00ed velryby gr\u00f3nsk\u00e9, kter\u00e9 jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm zdrojem potravy pro domorod\u00e9 komunity v regionu.<\/p>\n\n
Expanze kosatek do Arktidy ovliv\u0148uje tak\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed ko\u0159isti. Aby se vyhnuly predaci, ko\u0159ist upravuje sv\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed a skr\u00fdv\u00e1 se mezi zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edm mo\u0159sk\u00fdm ledem. S \u00fabytkem ledu je v\u0161ak ko\u0159ist v\u00edce vystavena.<\/p>\n\n
Tato zm\u011bna chov\u00e1n\u00ed by mohla ovlivnit \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nost rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee dosp\u011bl\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt v\u00edce vystresovan\u00ed a m\u00edt m\u00e9n\u011b zdroj\u016f na v\u00fdchovu zdrav\u00fdch potomk\u016f. To by mohlo v\u00e9st k poklesu velikosti populace v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu.<\/p>\n\n
V Arktid\u011b \u017eije asi 40 domorod\u00fdch komunit a druhy jako narvalov\u00e9, tuleni a b\u011bluhy jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi sou\u010d\u00e1stmi jejich stravy a kultury. \u00dabytek t\u011bchto druh\u016f v d\u016fsledku klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn a expanze kosatek by mohl m\u00edt v\u00fdznamn\u00fd dopad na domorod\u00e9 komunity.<\/p>\n\n
Expanze kosatek do Arktidy a jej\u00ed dopady na ekosyst\u00e9m zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed pot\u0159ebu dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu a ochrann\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pochopit r\u016fzn\u00e9 zm\u011bny ekosyst\u00e9mu, ke kter\u00fdm m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt, a jejich potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed dopady na arktick\u00e9 komunity a druhy.<\/p>\n\n
Studiem akustick\u00fdch dat shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch z Arktidy mohou v\u011bdci z\u00edskat poznatky o chov\u00e1n\u00ed a pohybu kosatek a dal\u0161\u00edch kytovc\u016f. Tyto informace mohou pomoci informovat ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed a zm\u00edrnit negativn\u00ed dopady klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn na arktick\u00fd ekosyst\u00e9m.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00dastup arktick\u00e9ho mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho ledu podn\u011bcuje migraci kosatek a zm\u011bny potravn\u00edho \u0159et\u011bzce Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee arktick\u00fd mo\u0159sk\u00fd led taje v d\u016fsledku klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn, kosatky, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 tak\u00e9 jako zabij\u00e1ci velryb, se…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[84],"tags":[1354,254,219,2280,5469,361,5638,34],"class_list":["post-16474","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-marine-biology","tag-arctic","tag-wildlife","tag-ecology","tag-orcas","tag-killer-whales","tag-marine-biology","tag-predation","tag-climate-change"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16474","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16474"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16474\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16475,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16474\/revisions\/16475"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16474"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16474"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16474"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}