Z\u00e1kopov\u00e1 hore\u010dka, oslabuj\u00edc\u00ed nemoc p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00e1 t\u011bln\u00edmi v\u0161emi, se \u010dasto spojuje s hr\u016fzami prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Nov\u00fd v\u00fdzkum v\u0161ak odhalil d\u016fkazy, \u017ee tato choroba tr\u00e1p\u00ed lidstvo po tis\u00edcilet\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Studie publikovan\u00e1 v PLOS One zkoumala 400 zub\u016f od jedinc\u016f poh\u0159ben\u00fdch v Evrop\u011b a Rusku mezi 1. a 19. stolet\u00edm. V\u011bdci objevili stopy bakterie Bartonella quintana zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1kopovou hore\u010dku p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b u 20 % vzork\u016f. Tento n\u00e1lez nazna\u010duje, \u017ee z\u00e1kopov\u00e1 hore\u010dka byla roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1 ve starov\u011bku, zejm\u00e9na mezi populacemi \u017eij\u00edc\u00edmi v b\u00eddn\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n
Z\u00e1kopov\u00e1 hore\u010dka se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kousnut\u00edm naka\u017een\u00fdch t\u011bln\u00edch v\u0161\u00ed. Tyto v\u0161i se da\u0159\u00ed v p\u0159epln\u011bn\u00e9m a nehygienick\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed, jako jsou z\u00e1kopy prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky nebo p\u0159epln\u011bn\u00e9 slumy starov\u011bk\u00fdch m\u011bst.<\/p>\n\n
Po n\u00e1kaze se u jedinc\u016f obvykle objevuj\u00ed p\u011btidenn\u00ed hore\u010dky, kter\u00e9 doprov\u00e1z\u00ed bolest kost\u00ed, bolesti hlavy, nevolnost a zvracen\u00ed. Tyto p\u0159\u00edznaky jsou oslabuj\u00edc\u00ed a v\u00fdznamn\u011b zhor\u0161uj\u00ed kvalitu \u017eivota.<\/p>\n\n
B\u011bhem prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky se z\u00e1kopov\u00e1 hore\u010dka stala hlavn\u00edm zdravotn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem mezi voj\u00e1ky. T\u00edsniv\u00e9 a nehygienick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky v z\u00e1kopech byly ide\u00e1ln\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00edm pro mno\u017een\u00ed t\u011bln\u00edch v\u0161\u00ed, co\u017e vedlo k rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm propuknut\u00edm t\u00e9to nemoci.<\/p>\n\n
Odhaduje se, \u017ee b\u011bhem v\u00e1lky onemocn\u011blo z\u00e1kopovou hore\u010dkou 380 000 a\u017e 520 000 britsk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f. Onemocn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159isp\u00edvalo k celkov\u00e9 \u00famrtnosti a nemocnosti mezi voj\u00e1ky a je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce zhor\u0161ovalo hr\u016fzy konfliktu.<\/p>\n\n
Z\u00e1kopov\u00e1 hore\u010dka se znovu objevila b\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, zejm\u00e9na mezi n\u011bmeck\u00fdmi voj\u00e1ky na v\u00fdchodn\u00ed front\u011b. P\u0159epln\u011bn\u00e9 a nehygienick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky v z\u00e1kopech op\u011bt vytvo\u0159ily p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed t\u011bln\u00edch v\u0161\u00ed a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 propuknut\u00ed z\u00e1kopov\u00e9 hore\u010dky.<\/p>\n\n
V posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch se z\u00e1kopov\u00e1 hore\u010dka objevuje jako probl\u00e9m u zchudl\u00fdch a bezdomoveck\u00fdch obyvatel v n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u011bstech, v\u010detn\u011b San Francisca, Seattlu a Denveru. Tyto populace \u010dasto nemaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edmu hygienick\u00e9mu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a sanitaci, co\u017e zvy\u0161uje jejich riziko vystaven\u00ed t\u011bln\u00edm v\u0161\u00edm a z\u00e1kopov\u00e9 hore\u010dce.<\/p>\n\n
Archeologick\u00e9 studie, jako je ta publikovan\u00e1 v PLOS One, poskytuj\u00ed cenn\u00e9 poznatky o historick\u00e9m v\u00fdskytu a v\u00fdvoji z\u00e1kopov\u00e9 hore\u010dky. Zkoum\u00e1n\u00edm starov\u011bk\u00fdch ostatk\u016f mohou v\u011bdci zjistit p\u0159\u00edtomnost bakterie zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za onemocn\u011bn\u00ed a l\u00e9pe pochopit jej\u00ed dopad na minul\u00e9 populace.<\/p>\n\n
Tyto znalosti mohou podn\u00edtit modern\u00ed strategie ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na prevenci a kontrolu z\u00e1kopov\u00e9 hore\u010dky. Pochopen\u00edm chov\u00e1n\u00ed bakterie v minulosti mohou v\u011bdci vyvinout \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed a z\u00e1sahy a zvl\u00e1dnout sou\u010dasn\u00e9 propuknut\u00ed nemoci.<\/p>\n\n
Prevence a kontrola z\u00e1kopov\u00e9 hore\u010dky vy\u017eaduje \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch faktor\u016f, kter\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k jej\u00edmu \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed, jako je \u0161patn\u00e1 hygiena a sanitace. Kampan\u011b ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed, kter\u00e9 prosazuj\u00ed hygienick\u00e9 n\u00e1vyky, zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k \u010dist\u00e9 vod\u011b a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm pro sanaci a kontroluj\u00ed napaden\u00ed t\u011bln\u00edmi v\u0161emi, jsou nezbytn\u00e9 pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed rizika p\u0159enosu.<\/p>\n\n
V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b vypuknut\u00ed infekce je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed rychl\u00e1 diagn\u00f3za a l\u00e9\u010dba naka\u017een\u00fdch jedinc\u016f, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo dal\u0161\u00edmu \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nemoci. Na l\u00e9\u010dbu z\u00e1kopov\u00e9 hore\u010dky jsou \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 antibiotika a v\u010dasn\u00e1 intervence m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdznamn\u011b zlep\u0161it v\u00fdsledky l\u00e9\u010dby u pacient\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Z\u00e1kopov\u00e1 hore\u010dka je trval\u00e1 a oslabuj\u00edc\u00ed nemoc, kter\u00e1 tr\u00e1p\u00ed lidstvo po cel\u00e1 stalet\u00ed. P\u0159esto\u017ee je jej\u00ed spojitost s prvn\u00ed sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lkou dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00e1, ned\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum odhalil jej\u00ed starov\u011bk\u00e9 p\u016fvody a neust\u00e1lou p\u0159\u00edtomnost v modern\u00ed dob\u011b.<\/p>\n\n
Pochopen\u00edm historick\u00e9ho v\u00fdskytu, dynamiky p\u0159enosu a dopadu z\u00e1kopov\u00e9 hore\u010dky m\u016f\u017eeme vyvinout \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed strategie prevence a kontroly. Archeologick\u00e9 poznatky a prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k na\u0161im znalostem o t\u00e9to nemoci a informuj\u00ed aktivity v oblasti ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na ochranu ohro\u017een\u00fdch populac\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Z\u00e1kopov\u00e1 hore\u010dka: Trval\u00e1 metla od starov\u011bku do sou\u010dasnosti P\u016fvod a starov\u011bk\u00fd v\u00fdskyt Z\u00e1kopov\u00e1 hore\u010dka, oslabuj\u00edc\u00ed nemoc p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00e1 t\u011bln\u00edmi v\u0161emi, se \u010dasto spojuje s hr\u016fzami prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Nov\u00fd v\u00fdzkum v\u0161ak…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7010],"tags":[5036,21808,21807,178,21806],"class_list":["post-16476","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-medical-history","tag-archaeological-discoveries","tag-historical-epidemiology","tag-ancient-diseases","tag-public-health","tag-trench-fever"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16476","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16476"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16476\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16477,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16476\/revisions\/16477"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16476"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16476"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16476"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}