Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn, v\u0161eobecn\u011b pova\u017eovan\u00fd za jednoho z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch mal\u00ed\u0159\u016f v\u0161ech dob, byl tak\u00e9 mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b zru\u010dn\u00fdm kresl\u00ed\u0159em a grafikem. Narodil se v Leidenu v Nizozemsku v roce 1606. Rembrandt z\u00edskal sv\u00e9 po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed od m\u00edstn\u00edch um\u011blc\u016f, ne\u017e se v roce 1631 p\u0159est\u011bhoval do Amsterdamu. Tam se etabloval jako \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd portr\u00e9tista a grafik.<\/p>\n\n
Zat\u00edmco Rembrandtovy obrazy jsou slavn\u00e9, jeho d\u00edla na pap\u00ed\u0159e tvo\u0159\u00ed podstatnou \u010d\u00e1st jeho um\u011bleck\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed. Na rozd\u00edl od obraz\u016f existuj\u00ed tisky a kresby v mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtu, co\u017e muze\u00edm po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159edv\u00e9st Rembrandtovo grafick\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed v komplexn\u00edch v\u00fdstav\u00e1ch. Jedna takov\u00e1 v\u00fdstava, “Strokes of Genius: Rembrandt’s Prints and Drawings”, kterou po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1 Andrew Robison z N\u00e1rodn\u00ed galerie um\u011bn\u00ed ve Washingtonu, D.C., nab\u00edz\u00ed v\u00fdjime\u010dnou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost prozkoumat Rembrandtovy rozmanit\u00e9 n\u00e1m\u011bty a inovativn\u00ed techniky.<\/p>\n\n
Rembrandtovy studie ze \u017eivota, jako je kresba \u010dervenou k\u0159\u00eddou “Sed\u00edc\u00ed sta\u0159ec”, dokazuj\u00ed jeho bystr\u00e9 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta kolem sebe. V kompozi\u010dn\u00edch skic\u00e1ch, jako je “Josef vypr\u00e1v\u00ed sv\u00e9 sny”, pl\u00e1noval n\u00e1pady na dokonalej\u0161\u00ed d\u00edla a zkoumal biblick\u00e1 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed a mytologick\u00e1 t\u00e9mata.<\/p>\n\n
Rembrandtovy krajin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 kresby, jako je “Pohled p\u0159es Amstel z hradeb”, poskytuj\u00ed pohled na vodnat\u00fd ter\u00e9n pobl\u00ed\u017e jeho domova. Tato d\u00edla nejen zachycuj\u00ed kr\u00e1su holandsk\u00e9 krajiny, ale slou\u017e\u00ed tak\u00e9 jako historick\u00e9 dokumenty, kter\u00e9 p\u0159esn\u011b zobrazuj\u00ed geografick\u00e9 rysy, kter\u00e9 lze je\u0161t\u011b dnes identifikovat.<\/p>\n\n
Rembrandtovo ovl\u00e1dnut\u00ed grafick\u00fdch technik, zejm\u00e9na leptu, posunulo m\u00e9dium k nov\u00fdm v\u00fd\u0161in\u00e1m. Leptat znamen\u00e1 r\u00fdt linie do m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 desky pota\u017een\u00e9 ochrann\u00fdm z\u00e1kladem, kter\u00fd je pot\u00e9 nalept\u00e1n do kovu kyselinou. Tento proces umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed spont\u00e1nnost a svobodu vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s ryt\u00edm, kde jsou linie vy\u0159ez\u00e1v\u00e1ny p\u0159\u00edmo do kovu.<\/p>\n\n
Rembrandt hojn\u011b experimentoval s technikami leptu a kombinoval je s ryt\u00edm a suchou jehlou. Sv\u00e9 n\u00e1vrhy p\u0159epracoval mnohokr\u00e1t, p\u0159idal nebo odstranil detaily a vytvo\u0159il r\u016fzn\u00e9 stavy t\u00e9ho\u017e obrazu. Tyto variace stav\u016f poskytuj\u00ed vhled do Rembrandtova um\u011bleck\u00e9ho procesu a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed div\u00e1k\u016fm sledovat v\u00fdvoj jeho n\u00e1pad\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
“Kristus uk\u0159i\u017eovan\u00fd mezi dv\u011bma loty” (zn\u00e1m\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako “T\u0159i k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee”), vytvo\u0159en\u00fd v 17. stolet\u00ed, je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za Rembrandtovo mistrovsk\u00e9 d\u00edlo grafiky. Tento d\u011bsiv\u00fd obraz proveden\u00fd p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b suchou jehlou zobrazuje uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed Krista s pozoruhodnou emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed intenzitou.<\/p>\n\n
Pro Rembrandta, zbo\u017en\u00e9ho k\u0159es\u0165ana, nebylo grafick\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed jen technick\u00fdm cvi\u010den\u00edm, ale prost\u0159edkem hlubok\u00e9ho duchovn\u00edho vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed. V “Kristu uk\u0159i\u017eovan\u00e9m mezi dv\u011bma loty” interpretuje biblick\u00fd n\u00e1m\u011bt s t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 mystick\u00fdm pocitem pro s\u00edlu sv\u011btla. V\u00fdrazn\u00e9 linie a dramatick\u00e9 kontrasty zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u00fazkost a z\u00e1rmutek, kter\u00e9 obklopuj\u00ed ud\u00e1lost.<\/p>\n\n
Rembrandtovy tisky a kresby m\u011bly hlubok\u00fd vliv na n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed generace um\u011blc\u016f a inspirovaly nespo\u010det napodobitel\u016f a obdivovatel\u016f. Jeho technick\u00e9 mistrovstv\u00ed a schopnost zprost\u0159edkovat slo\u017eit\u00e9 emoce prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm grafick\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed nad\u00e1le fascinuj\u00ed a inspiruj\u00ed div\u00e1ky dodnes.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Rembrandt: Mistr grafiky a kresby Ran\u00fd \u017eivot a vlivy Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn, v\u0161eobecn\u011b pova\u017eovan\u00fd za jednoho z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch mal\u00ed\u0159\u016f v\u0161ech dob, byl tak\u00e9 mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b zru\u010dn\u00fdm kresl\u00ed\u0159em a grafikem. Narodil…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21842],"tags":[104,21839,21838,21840,4341,5650,21841],"class_list":["post-16502","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-printmaking-and-drawing","tag-art-history","tag-drawing","tag-printmaking","tag-etching","tag-dutch-golden-age","tag-rembrandt","tag-drypoint"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16502","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16502"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16502\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16503,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16502\/revisions\/16503"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16502"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16502"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16502"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}