{"id":16522,"date":"2021-06-26T05:39:07","date_gmt":"2021-06-26T05:39:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16522"},"modified":"2021-06-26T05:39:07","modified_gmt":"2021-06-26T05:39:07","slug":"the-habsburg-jaw-a-genetic-legacy-of-inbreeding","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/genetics\/the-habsburg-jaw-a-genetic-legacy-of-inbreeding\/","title":{"rendered":"Habsbursk\u00e1 \u010delist: Genetick\u00fd d\u016fsledek incestu"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Habsbursk\u00e1 \u010delist: Genetick\u00fd d\u016fsledek incestu<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Habsbursk\u00e1 dynastie a incest<\/h2>\n\n<p>Habsburkov\u00e9 byli n\u011bmecko-rakousk\u00fd vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed rod, jeho\u017e moc se rozprost\u00edrala po Evrop\u011b od 13. do 19. stolet\u00ed. Podobn\u011b jako mnoho kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdch rodin praktikovali Habsburkov\u00e9 strategick\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00e1 man\u017eelstv\u00ed, aby upevnili svou moc, a \u010dasto se \u017eenili s bl\u00edzk\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdmi. Tato praxe incestu m\u011bla v\u00fdznamn\u00fd dopad na genetickou skladbu a fyzick\u00fd vzhled rodiny.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Charakteristick\u00e1 habsbursk\u00e1 \u010delist<\/h2>\n\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch rys\u016f Habsburk\u016f byla jejich charakteristick\u00e1 \u010delist, vyzna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed se vy\u010dn\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed doln\u00ed \u010delist\u00ed a zapadl\u00fdm st\u0159edem obli\u010deje. Tato obli\u010dejov\u00e1 deformace, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako mandibul\u00e1rn\u00ed prognatismus a maxil\u00e1rn\u00ed deficit, byla obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u00e1 u pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch generac\u00ed dynastie.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Genetick\u00fd z\u00e1klad habsbursk\u00e9 \u010delisti<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 studie prok\u00e1zaly, \u017ee habsbursk\u00e1 \u010delist byla pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zp\u016fsobena recesivn\u00edm genem. Recesivn\u00ed geny se projevuj\u00ed pouze tehdy, jsou-li ob\u011b kopie genu identick\u00e9. Incest zvy\u0161uje pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee jedinci zd\u011bd\u00ed dv\u011b kopie stejn\u00e9ho recesivn\u00edho genu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se zvy\u0161uje pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee se recesivn\u00ed znak projev\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Korelace mezi incestem a habsburskou \u010delist\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Studie publikovan\u00e1 v Annals of Human Biology zjistila silnou korelaci mezi \u00farovn\u00ed incestu a z\u00e1va\u017enost\u00ed mandibul\u00e1rn\u00edho prognatismu u \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fdch Habsburk\u016f. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci analyzovali portr\u00e9ty 15 \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fdch Habsburk\u016f a ur\u010dili jejich koeficienty inzucht, kter\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159\u00ed pod\u00edl jejich gen\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly identick\u00e9. Zjistili, \u017ee Habsburkov\u00e9 s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi koeficienty inzucht m\u011bli v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee budou m\u00edt v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rysy habsbursk\u00e9 \u010delisti.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dopad incestu na Habsburky<\/h2>\n\n<p>Krom\u011b charakteristick\u00fdch rys\u016f obli\u010deje m\u011bl incest na Habsburky tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed negativn\u00ed d\u016fsledky. P\u0159edchoz\u00ed v\u00fdzkumy uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee incest sn\u00ed\u017eil \u0161ance na p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed potomk\u016f Habsburk\u016f a\u017e o 18 %. Vysok\u00e1 m\u00edra incestu v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch generac\u00edch dynastie mohla p\u0159isp\u011bt k vym\u0159en\u00ed rodu Habsburk\u016f na po\u010d\u00e1tku 18. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n<p>Habsbursk\u00e1 \u010delist je n\u00e1padn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem genetick\u00fdch d\u016fsledk\u016f incestu. Tato obli\u010dejov\u00e1 deformace byla pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zp\u016fsobena recesivn\u00edm genem, kter\u00fd byl p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n z generace na generaci kv\u016fli praxi Habsburk\u016f uzav\u00edrat man\u017eelstv\u00ed mezi p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdmi. Incest m\u011bl na Habsburky tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed negativn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky, v\u010detn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017een\u00fdch \u0161anc\u00ed na p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9ho vym\u0159en\u00ed dynastie.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed informace<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Mandibul\u00e1rn\u00ed prognatismus<\/strong> je stav charakterizovan\u00fd vy\u010dn\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed doln\u00ed \u010delist\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Maxil\u00e1rn\u00ed deficit<\/strong> je stav charakterizovan\u00fd zapadl\u00fdm st\u0159edem obli\u010deje.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dysmorfn\u00ed znaky<\/strong> jsou abnorm\u00e1ln\u00ed rysy obli\u010deje, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt zp\u016fsobeny genetick\u00fdmi poruchami.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Koeficient inzucht<\/strong> je m\u011b\u0159\u00edtkem pod\u00edlu gen\u016f jedince, kter\u00e9 jsou identick\u00e9 p\u016fvodem.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Recesivn\u00ed gen<\/strong> je gen, kter\u00fd se projevuje pouze tehdy, jsou-li ob\u011b kopie genu identick\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Habsbursk\u00e1 \u010delist: Genetick\u00fd d\u016fsledek incestu Habsbursk\u00e1 dynastie a incest Habsburkov\u00e9 byli n\u011bmecko-rakousk\u00fd vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed rod, jeho\u017e moc se rozprost\u00edrala po Evrop\u011b od 13. do 19. stolet\u00ed. Podobn\u011b jako mnoho kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdch rodin&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1628],"tags":[21878,21876,188,21874,21880,21875,8741,21877,21879],"class_list":["post-16522","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-genetics","tag-maxillary-deficiency","tag-facial-deformities","tag-genetics","tag-habsburg-jaw","tag-historical-portraits","tag-royal-families","tag-inbreeding","tag-mandibular-prognathism","tag-recessive-genes"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16522","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16522"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16522\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16523,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16522\/revisions\/16523"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16522"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16522"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16522"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}