{"id":166,"date":"2024-06-25T16:41:48","date_gmt":"2024-06-25T16:41:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=166"},"modified":"2024-06-25T16:41:48","modified_gmt":"2024-06-25T16:41:48","slug":"japanese-sailors-and-the-currents-of-history","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/history-of-science\/japanese-sailors-and-the-currents-of-history\/","title":{"rendered":"Japon\u0161t\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci a proudy historie: Jak \u010cern\u00fd proud spojil Japonsko s Amerikou"},"content":{"rendered":"

Japon\u0161t\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci a proudy historie<\/h2>\n\n

\u010cern\u00fd proud: Japonsk\u00e1 br\u00e1na do Ameriky<\/h2>\n\n

\u010cern\u00fd proud Tich\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako Kuroshio, sehr\u00e1l z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli p\u0159i migraci lid\u00ed a kultur nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d rozlehlou oblast\u00ed Tich\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu. Po stalet\u00ed proud un\u00e1\u0161el japonsk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edky a ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 lod\u011b k b\u0159eh\u016fm Ameriky a zanechal nesmazatelnou stopu na historii a kultu\u0159e obou kontinent\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Sta\u0159\u00ed japon\u0161t\u00ed mo\u0159eplavci<\/h2>\n\n

P\u0159ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 6 300 lety donutila ni\u010div\u00e1 sope\u010dn\u00e1 erupce na ostrov\u011b Kikai v ji\u017en\u00edm Japonsku domorod\u00fd lid D\u017e\u00f3mon hledat nov\u00e9 zem\u011b. Una\u0161eni \u010cern\u00fdm proudem se vydali na nebezpe\u010dnou cestu p\u0159es Tich\u00fd oce\u00e1n a nakonec dopluli k b\u0159eh\u016fm Ekv\u00e1doru, St\u0159edn\u00ed Ameriky a Severn\u00ed Ameriky.<\/p>\n\n

D\u016fkazy o t\u00e9to starov\u011bk\u00e9 japonsk\u00e9 migraci lze nal\u00e9zt v keramick\u00fdch st\u0159epech, DNA a virech objeven\u00fdch na archeologick\u00fdch nalezi\u0161t\u00edch po cel\u00e9 Americe. Tyto artefakty nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee lid D\u017e\u00f3mon p\u0159inesl s sebou pokro\u010dil\u00e9 technologie a kulturn\u00ed praktiky, kter\u00e9 ovlivnily rozvoj p\u016fvodn\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Japon\u0161t\u00ed trose\u010dn\u00edci na Havaji<\/h2>\n\n

V pr\u016fb\u011bhu historie byly japonsk\u00e9 lod\u011b odneseny z kurzu \u010cern\u00fdm proudem, co\u017e m\u011blo za n\u00e1sledek \u010detn\u00e1 ztroskot\u00e1n\u00ed lod\u00ed a trose\u010dn\u00edk\u016f. Jedna z nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed se odehr\u00e1la kolem roku 1260 n. l., kdy japonsk\u00e1 d\u017eonka doplula k Maui na Havaji.<\/p>\n\n

P\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00ed z tohoto ztroskot\u00e1n\u00ed byli p\u0159iv\u00edt\u00e1ni m\u00edstn\u00edm n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edkem Wakalanou a jejich potomci se nakonec provdali do havajsk\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 rodiny. To vedlo k zaveden\u00ed japonsk\u00fdch kulturn\u00edch prvk\u016f do havajsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, v\u010detn\u011b keramiky, p\u0159eden\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed kov\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Japonsk\u00fd vliv v Severn\u00ed Americe<\/h2>\n\n

Japon\u0161t\u00ed trose\u010dn\u00edci sehr\u00e1li tak\u00e9 roli ve v\u00fdvoji kultur p\u016fvodn\u00edch Ameri\u010dan\u016f na pevnin\u011b. Archeologick\u00e9 vykop\u00e1vky odhalily japonsk\u00e9 artefakty v Oregonu, Washingtonu a Nov\u00e9m Mexiku. Tyto n\u00e1lezy nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee japon\u0161t\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci a ryb\u00e1\u0159i p\u0159ist\u00e1li v Severn\u00ed Americe a komunikovali s p\u016fvodn\u00edmi obyvateli.<\/p>\n\n

Ve 14. stolet\u00ed se v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee skupina japonsk\u00fdch trose\u010dn\u00edk\u016f zalo\u017eila n\u00e1rod Zuni v Nov\u00e9m Mexiku. Lid\u00e9 Zuni maj\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed rysy, kter\u00e9 je odli\u0161uj\u00ed od ostatn\u00edch kmen\u016f Pueblo, co\u017e podporuje teorii japonsk\u00e9ho vlivu.<\/p>\n\n

Hj\u00f3ry\u00f3: Japon\u0161t\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci na mo\u0159i<\/h2>\n\n

Po stalet\u00ed driftovaly stovky japonsk\u00fdch lod\u00ed p\u0159es Tich\u00fd oce\u00e1n, un\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 \u010cern\u00fdm proudem. Tyto lod\u011b, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako hj\u00f3ry\u00f3, \u010dasto p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017eely pos\u00e1dky zru\u010dn\u00fdch \u0159emesln\u00edk\u016f, um\u011blc\u016f a obchodn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

V mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech hj\u00f3ry\u00f3 p\u0159e\u017eili sv\u00e9 nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 cesty a dos\u00e1hli pevniny. Zalo\u017eili nov\u00e9 komunity, o\u017eenili se s m\u00edstn\u00edmi obyvateli a zavedli japonsk\u00e9 technologie a zvyky v Americe.<\/p>\n\n

Tokud\u017e\u00f3 Maru a otev\u0159en\u00ed Japonska<\/h2>\n\n

V roce 1813 byla japonsk\u00e1 d\u017eonka Tokud\u017e\u00f3 Maru odnesena \u010cern\u00fdm proudem a driftovala po dobu v\u00edce ne\u017e 500 dn\u016f. P\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00ed byli nakonec zachr\u00e1n\u011bni americkou lod\u00ed a vr\u00e1ceni do Japonska.<\/p>\n\n

Kapit\u00e1n Tokud\u017e\u00f3 Maru, D\u017euk\u010di, si vedl tajn\u00fd den\u00edk o sv\u00fdch cest\u00e1ch, kter\u00fd poskytl cenn\u00e9 poznatky o japonsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti a kultu\u0159e. Tento den\u00edk ovlivnil japonsk\u00e9 u\u010dence a p\u0159ipravil p\u016fdu pro v\u00fdpravu komodora Matthew Perryho do Japonska v roce 1854, kter\u00e1 nakonec vedla k otev\u0159en\u00ed Japonska pro zahrani\u010dn\u00ed obchod a diplomacii.<\/p>\n\n

D\u011bdictv\u00ed \u010cern\u00e9ho proudu<\/h2>\n\n

\u010cern\u00fd proud byl mocnou silou, kter\u00e1 formovala historii a kultury Tichomo\u0159\u00ed. Nesl japonsk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edky, ryb\u00e1\u0159e a trose\u010dn\u00edky na velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti, co\u017e vedlo k v\u00fdm\u011bn\u011b my\u0161lenek, technologi\u00ed a kulturn\u00edch praktik mezi Japonskem a Amerikou.<\/p>\n\n

D\u016fkazy o starov\u011bk\u00e9 japonsk\u00e9 migraci a pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed vliv japonsk\u00fdch trose\u010dn\u00edk\u016f v Americe poskytuj\u00ed fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed pohled na propojenost lidsk\u00fdch d\u011bjin a trvalou s\u00edlu oce\u00e1nsk\u00fdch proud\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Japon\u0161t\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci a proudy historie \u010cern\u00fd proud: Japonsk\u00e1 br\u00e1na do Ameriky \u010cern\u00fd proud Tich\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako Kuroshio, sehr\u00e1l z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli p\u0159i migraci lid\u00ed a kultur nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d rozlehlou oblast\u00ed Tich\u00e9ho…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23741,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[132,88,27,477,112,478,480,479],"class_list":["post-166","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history-of-science","tag-anthropology","tag-archaeology","tag-history","tag-japanese-sailors","tag-cultural-exchange","tag-black-current","tag-ancient-migrations","tag-pacific-ocean"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/166","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=166"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/166\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":167,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/166\/revisions\/167"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23741"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=166"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=166"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=166"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}