{"id":16721,"date":"2021-01-20T18:35:40","date_gmt":"2021-01-20T18:35:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16721"},"modified":"2021-01-20T18:35:40","modified_gmt":"2021-01-20T18:35:40","slug":"new-research-creates-chicken-embryos-with-dinosaur-like-faces","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/biology\/new-research-creates-chicken-embryos-with-dinosaur-like-faces\/","title":{"rendered":"Ku\u0159ec\u00ed embrya s dinosaurem podobn\u00fdmi tv\u00e1\u0159emi: Nov\u00e1 studie odhaluje evolu\u010dn\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nov\u00fd v\u00fdzkum vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed ku\u0159ec\u00ed embrya s dinosaurem podobn\u00fdmi tv\u00e1\u0159emi<\/h2>\n\n

Pochopen\u00ed evoluce pt\u00e1k\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

V\u011bdci byli dlouho fascinov\u00e1ni evoluc\u00ed pt\u00e1k\u016f z dinosaur\u016f. Jedn\u00edm z nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch rys\u016f pt\u00e1k\u016f je jejich zob\u00e1k, kter\u00fd se velmi li\u0161\u00ed od \u010denich\u016f jejich dinosaur\u00edch p\u0159edk\u016f. Nov\u00e1 studie vrhla sv\u011btlo na to, jak k tomuto p\u0159echodu mohlo doj\u00edt.<\/p>\n\n

P\u0159echod od \u010denichu ke zob\u00e1ku<\/h2>\n\n

Studie, zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e1 v \u010dasopise Evolution, se zam\u011b\u0159ila na v\u00fdvoj zob\u00e1k\u016f v ku\u0159ec\u00edch embry\u00edch. V\u011bdci porovn\u00e1vali embryon\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdvoj zob\u00e1k\u016f u ku\u0159at a emu\u016f s v\u00fdvojem \u010denich\u016f u alig\u00e1tor\u016f, je\u0161t\u011brek a \u017eelv. Zjistili, \u017ee dv\u011b b\u00edlkoviny, naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 FGF a Wnt, hraj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli ve v\u00fdvoji zob\u00e1ku.<\/p>\n\n

U plaz\u016f jsou FGF a Wnt aktivov\u00e1ny ve dvou mal\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech embryon\u00e1ln\u00edho obli\u010deje. U pt\u00e1k\u016f jsou v\u0161ak tyto proteiny aktivov\u00e1ny ve velk\u00e9m pruhu tk\u00e1n\u011b ve stejn\u00e9 oblasti. Tento rozd\u00edl v aktivit\u011b protein\u016f vede k v\u00fdvoji zob\u00e1ku m\u00edsto \u010denichu.<\/p>\n\n

Vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed dino-podobn\u00fdch \u010denich\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Aby otestovali svou hypot\u00e9zu, v\u011bdci zablokovali \u0161irok\u00fd p\u00e1s aktivity protein\u016f v ku\u0159ec\u00edch embry\u00edch a omezili FGF a Wnt na dv\u011b m\u00edsta pozorovan\u00e1 u plaz\u016f. V\u00fdsledkem byla embrya s krat\u0161\u00edmi, kulat\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi kostmi v oblasti zob\u00e1ku, podobn\u00fdmi \u010denich\u016fm dinosaur\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Implikace pro evoluci pt\u00e1k\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed t\u00e9to studie poskytuj\u00ed nov\u00e9 poznatky o v\u00fdvoji pt\u00e1k\u016f z dinosaur\u016f. Nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee zob\u00e1k je jedine\u010dn\u00e1 adaptace, kter\u00e1 se vyvinula kv\u016fli odli\u0161n\u00fdm v\u00fdvojov\u00fdm podn\u011bt\u016fm pot\u0159ebn\u00fdm k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed zob\u00e1ku ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s \u010denichem.<\/p>\n\n

Etick\u00e9 \u00favahy<\/h2>\n\n

A\u010dkoli studie nevytvo\u0159ila \u017eivotaschopn\u00e9 k\u0159\u00ed\u017eence dino-ku\u0159at, vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 etick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky ohledn\u011b potenci\u00e1lu manipulovat s embryon\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u00fdvojem za \u00fa\u010delem vytvo\u0159en\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at s vlastnostmi r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f. V\u011bdci zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed pot\u0159ebu pe\u010dliv\u011b zv\u00e1\u017eit etick\u00e9 implikace takov\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu, ne\u017e budou pokra\u010dovat d\u00e1le.<\/p>\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed pokra\u010dovat ve sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci, aby l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bli genetick\u00fdm a v\u00fdvojov\u00fdm mechanism\u016fm, kter\u00e9 vedly k v\u00fdvoji zob\u00e1k\u016f u pt\u00e1k\u016f. Doufaj\u00ed tak\u00e9, \u017ee prozkoumaj\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed aplikace sv\u00fdch zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v dal\u0161\u00edch oblastech biologie, jako je regenerativn\u00ed medic\u00edna.<\/p>\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dten\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n