Voz\u00edtko Curiosity spole\u010dnosti NASA objevilo celou \u0159adu \u0161estihrann\u00fdch trhlin v bl\u00e1t\u011b na \u00fazem\u00ed marsovsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1teru Gale. Tyto charakteristick\u00e9 obrazce nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee \u010cerven\u00e1 planeta byla kdysi mnohem teplej\u0161\u00ed a vlh\u010d\u00ed a miliony let proch\u00e1zela obdob\u00edmi vlhka a sucha.<\/p>\n\n
Tyto podm\u00ednky jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro vznik \u017eivota. Kdy\u017e se tvo\u0159\u00ed nov\u00e9 trhliny v bl\u00e1t\u011b, kter\u00e9 vysych\u00e1, maj\u00ed obvykle tvar p\u00edsmene T. Pokud v\u0161ak voda pravideln\u011b znovu hydratuje p\u016fdu, jejich rohy zm\u011bknou a vytvo\u0159\u00ed se spoje ve tvaru p\u00edsmene Y. P\u0159\u00edtomnost \u0161estihrann\u00fdch \u00fatvar\u016f na Marsu nazna\u010duje opakovan\u00e9 vysych\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o stabiln\u00edm cyklu vlhkosti a sucha.<\/p>\n\n
Aby se na Marsu mohla hromadit a t\u00e9ct tekut\u00e1 voda, musela b\u00fdt planeta mnohem teplej\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e je dnes. D\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hypot\u00e9zy nazna\u010dovaly, \u017ee ojedin\u011bl\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti, jako jsou sope\u010dn\u00e9 erupce, mohly zp\u016fsobit kr\u00e1tk\u00e1 obdob\u00ed oteplen\u00ed. \u0160estihrann\u00e9 obrazce v\u0161ak posiluj\u00ed argument, \u017ee tepl\u00e9 klima na Marsu p\u0159etrv\u00e1valo tis\u00edce a\u017e miliony let.<\/p>\n\n
Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se cykly vlhkosti a sucha na Marsu mohly podpo\u0159it podm\u00ednky pro chemick\u00e9 reakce, kter\u00e9 spojuj\u00ed slou\u010deniny do biomolekul. Tyto reakce mohou zejm\u00e9na produkovat nukleov\u00e9 kyseliny, z\u00e1sadn\u00ed slo\u017eku DNA. A\u010dkoli cykly vlhkosti a sucha samy o sob\u011b nemohou vytvo\u0159it \u017eivot, mohly b\u00fdt nezbytn\u00e9 pro molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u00fdvoj, kter\u00fd k n\u011bmu vedl.<\/p>\n\n
Na rozd\u00edl od Zem\u011b nem\u00e1 Mars tektonickou aktivitu, tak\u017ee jeho planet\u00e1rn\u00ed historie je zachov\u00e1na v geologick\u00fdch \u00fatvarech na jeho povrchu. Studium Marsu n\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee pomoci pochopit vznik \u017eivota na Zemi. Pokud v minulosti na Marsu vzkv\u00e9tal \u017eivot, jeho d\u016fkazy by mohly b\u00fdt vyryty ve skal\u00e1ch a poskytnout cenn\u00e9 poznatky o p\u016fvodu \u017eivota v na\u0161\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed soustav\u011b.<\/p>\n\n
Trhliny v bl\u00e1t\u011b na Marsu jsou sv\u011bdectv\u00edm o slo\u017eit\u00e9 a dynamick\u00e9 geologick\u00e9 historii planety. Nazna\u010duj\u00ed dobu, kdy byl Mars \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00fdm sv\u011btem s teplej\u0161\u00edm podneb\u00edm a tekouc\u00ed vodou na povrchu. Tyto objevy nejen vrhaj\u00ed sv\u011btlo na minulost Marsu, ale tak\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k na\u0161emu ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed potenci\u00e1lu \u017eivota mimo Zemi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0160estihrann\u00e9 trhliny v bl\u00e1t\u011b na Marsu: n\u00e1znaky vlh\u010d\u00ed a teplej\u0161\u00ed minulosti Trhliny v bl\u00e1t\u011b na Marsu nazna\u010duj\u00ed starov\u011bk\u00e9 cykly vlhkosti a sucha Voz\u00edtko Curiosity spole\u010dnosti NASA objevilo celou \u0159adu \u0161estihrann\u00fdch…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23502,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1106],"tags":[1216,22161,20752,3184,22162,3069,811,22165,2419,22164,99,22163],"class_list":["post-16759","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-astrobiology","tag-astrobiology","tag-mud-cracks","tag-biomolecules","tag-dna","tag-hexagonal-patterns","tag-climate-history","tag-mars","tag-nucleic-acids","tag-mars-exploration","tag-early-mars","tag-lifescienceart","tag-wet-dry-cycles"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16759","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16759"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16759\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16760,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16759\/revisions\/16760"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23502"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16759"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16759"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16759"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}