Po cel\u00e1 stalet\u00ed v\u011bdci vedli debaty o p\u016fvodu dom\u00e1c\u00edch ku\u0159at. Jako mo\u017en\u00e1 m\u00edsta zrodu byla navr\u017eena jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie, Indie a severn\u00ed \u010c\u00edna, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e odhady jejich prvn\u00edho v\u00fdskytu se pohybuj\u00ed od 4 000 do 10 500 lety.<\/p>\n\n
Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 studie tyto odhady zp\u0159esnily a ur\u010dily p\u016fvod domestikovan\u00fdch ku\u0159at v jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii p\u0159ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 3 500 lety. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee k t\u00e9to domestikaci do\u0161lo na r\u00fd\u017eov\u00fdch pol\u00edch p\u011bstovan\u00fdch zem\u011bd\u011blci v regionu.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159edch\u016fdcem modern\u00edch ku\u0159at je \u010derven\u00e1 kura bankivsk\u00e1 (Gallus gallus spaedicus), tropick\u00fd pt\u00e1k \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii. Biolog Charles Darwin poprv\u00e9 navrhl toto spojen\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b podobn\u00e9ho vzhledu ku\u0159at a \u010derven\u00fdch kur bankivsk\u00fdch.<\/p>\n\n
Aby ur\u010dili \u010dasov\u00fd r\u00e1mec domestikace ku\u0159at, analyzovali v\u011bdci kosti ku\u0159at z v\u00edce ne\u017e 600 archeologick\u00fdch nalezi\u0161\u0165 po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Nejstar\u0161\u00ed poz\u016fstatky ku\u0159at byly nalezeny v Ban Non Wat v Thajsku a poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z obdob\u00ed mezi lety 1650 p\u0159. n. l. a 1250 p\u0159. n. l.<\/p>\n\n
Domestikace ku\u0159at byla pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zp\u016fsobena \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed such\u00e9 r\u00fd\u017ee a dal\u0161\u00edch obilovin. Tyto plodiny vytvo\u0159ily otev\u0159en\u00e1, m\u00e9n\u011b zalesn\u011bn\u00e1 prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e1 byla vhodn\u00e1 pro to, aby zde \u010derven\u00e1 kura bankivsk\u00e1 prosp\u00edvala a \u017eivila se zbytky z lidsk\u00fdch s\u00eddel.<\/p>\n\n
Z jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie se ku\u0159ata roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila na z\u00e1pad, kde byla zpo\u010d\u00e1tku pova\u017eov\u00e1na za exotick\u00e1 a kulturn\u011b uct\u00edvan\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e za zdroj potravy. Do st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00e9 Evropy dorazila p\u0159ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2 800 lety a pozd\u011bji se objevila v Africe.<\/p>\n\n
V antick\u00fdch civilizac\u00edch m\u011bla ku\u0159ata kulturn\u00ed a spole\u010densk\u00fd v\u00fdznam. Archeologick\u00e9 d\u016fkazy nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee lid\u00e9 byli poh\u0159b\u00edv\u00e1ni se zbytky ku\u0159at, co\u017e nazna\u010duje dom\u00e1c\u00ed vztah p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed konzumaci potravy. To napov\u00edd\u00e1, \u017ee ku\u0159ata byla posv\u00e1tn\u00fdmi tvory a mohla hr\u00e1t roli v ritu\u00e1lech nebo ceremoni\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n
Datov\u00e1n\u00ed kost\u00ed ku\u0159at z Eurasie a Afriky pomoc\u00ed radiokarbonov\u00e9 metody odhalilo, \u017ee jsou o tis\u00edce let mlad\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se d\u0159\u00edve myslelo. Tato oprava byla provedena pot\u00e9, co bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee kosti se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu usadily v ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch vrstv\u00e1ch sedimentu, co\u017e vedlo k nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9mu datov\u00e1n\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b hloubky.<\/p>\n\n
Domestikace ku\u0159at byla slo\u017eit\u00fdm procesem, kter\u00fd za\u010dal v jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii p\u0159ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 3 500 lety. Byla zp\u016fsobena \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed such\u00e9 r\u00fd\u017ee a zpo\u010d\u00e1tku byla ovlivn\u011bna kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem ku\u0159at. \u010casem se ku\u0159ata roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila do dal\u0161\u00edch oblast\u00ed a stala se d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Domestikace ku\u0159at: Historick\u00e1 cesta P\u016fvod dom\u00e1c\u00edch ku\u0159at Po cel\u00e1 stalet\u00ed v\u011bdci vedli debaty o p\u016fvodu dom\u00e1c\u00edch ku\u0159at. Jako mo\u017en\u00e1 m\u00edsta zrodu byla navr\u017eena jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie, Indie a severn\u00ed \u010c\u00edna, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24870,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[22214,22212,1412,22213],"class_list":["post-16796","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zoology","tag-archaeological-evidence","tag-chicken-domestication","tag-cultural-significance","tag-red-jungle-fowl"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16796","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16796"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16796\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24871,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16796\/revisions\/24871"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24870"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16796"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16796"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16796"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}