{"id":16873,"date":"2019-05-02T03:15:05","date_gmt":"2019-05-02T03:15:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16873"},"modified":"2019-05-02T03:15:05","modified_gmt":"2019-05-02T03:15:05","slug":"titikal-teotihuacan-outpost-ancient-mesoamerican-cities","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/archaeology\/titikal-teotihuacan-outpost-ancient-mesoamerican-cities\/","title":{"rendered":"Starov\u011bk\u00e1 mezoamerick\u00e1 m\u011bsta: Od spojenc\u016f k nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u016fm \u2013 Objev teotihuac\u00e1nsk\u00e9 v\u00fdspy v Tikalu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Starov\u011bk\u00e1 mezoamerick\u00e1 m\u011bsta: Od spojenc\u016f k nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u016fm<\/h2>\n\n

Objev teotihuac\u00e1nsk\u00e9 v\u00fdspy v Tikalu<\/h2>\n\n

Archeologov\u00e9 u\u010dinili p\u0159evratn\u00fd objev v Tikalu, starobyl\u00e9 maysk\u00e9 metropoli v Guatemale. Vykopali budovy a artefakty, kter\u00e9 nazna\u010duj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost v\u00fdspy ze vzd\u00e1len\u00e9ho m\u011bsta Teotihuac\u00e1n, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 600 mil daleko v tom, co je nyn\u00ed Mexico City.<\/p>\n\n

Opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 stavby zhotoven\u00e9 z hl\u00edny a \u0161tuku se nepodobaj\u00ed ni\u010demu, co sta\u0159\u00ed Mayov\u00e9 postavili. Jedna budova nese n\u00e1padnou podobnost s Ciudadela, co\u017e byl ceremoni\u00e1ln\u00ed komplex v Teotihuac\u00e1nu. Tyto objevy nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee lid\u00e9 z Teotihuac\u00e1nu nebo jeho okoln\u00ed kultury kdysi s\u00eddlili v Tikalu.<\/p>\n\n

D\u016fkazy p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed a nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fkazy spojen\u00ed mezi ob\u011bma m\u011bsty poch\u00e1zej\u00ed ze zbran\u00ed vyroben\u00fdch ze zelen\u00e9ho obsidi\u00e1nu ze st\u0159edn\u00edho Mexika, rytin zobrazuj\u00edc\u00edch teotihuac\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho boha de\u0161t\u011b a poh\u0159bu proveden\u00e9ho teotihuac\u00e1nsk\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Tyto n\u00e1lezy nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee tikaltsk\u00e1 v\u00fdspa mohla b\u00fdt domovem teotihuac\u00e1nsk\u00fdch hodnost\u00e1\u0159\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b vztah mezi Tikalem a Teotihuac\u00e1nem se nakonec zhor\u0161il, co\u017e vedlo k v\u00e1l\u010den\u00ed. Styly keramiky nalezen\u00e9 v tikaltsk\u00e9 citadele nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee byla postavena kolem roku 300 n. l., zat\u00edmco Teotihuac\u00e1n dobyl Tikal o n\u011bkolik desetilet\u00ed pozd\u011bji, v roce 378 n. l.<\/p>\n\n

Z\u00e1hada diplomatick\u00e9ho rozkolu<\/h2>\n\n

Archeologov\u00e9 spekuluj\u00ed, \u017ee mezi ob\u011bma kulturami do\u0161lo k n\u00e1hl\u00e9mu rozkolu. N\u00e1pisy v Tikalu zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed vstup ciz\u00ed arm\u00e1dy veden\u00e9 mu\u017eem jm\u00e9nem Sihyaj K\u00e2\u20ac\u2122ahk\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 16. ledna 378, t\u00e9ho\u017e dne, kdy zem\u0159el dlouho vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed tikaltsk\u00fd kr\u00e1l. Portr\u00e9ty nov\u011b korunovan\u00e9ho vl\u00e1dce ho ukazuj\u00ed ozdoben\u00e9ho teotihuac\u00e1nsk\u00fdmi \u010delenkami a t\u0159\u00edmaj\u00edc\u00edho teotihuac\u00e1nsk\u00e9 kop\u00ed, co\u017e nazna\u010duje zahrani\u010dn\u00ed vliv.<\/p>\n\n

Maysk\u00e9 n\u00e1st\u011bnn\u00e9 malby a p\u0159etrhan\u00e9 vazby<\/h2>\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fkazem n\u00e1hl\u00e9ho zhor\u0161en\u00ed vztah\u016f je zni\u010den\u00ed a poh\u0159ben\u00ed maysk\u00fdch n\u00e1st\u011bnn\u00fdch maleb v Teotihuac\u00e1nu mezi lety 350 a 400 n. l. Archeologov\u00e9 se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee tyto n\u00e1st\u011bnn\u00e9 malby byly sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed komplexu ob\u00fdvan\u00e9ho mayskou \u0161lechtou nebo diplomaty \u017eij\u00edc\u00edmi v ciz\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

Technologie LiDAR odhaluje skryt\u00e9 struktury<\/h2>\n\n

Objev teotihuac\u00e1nsk\u00e9 v\u00fdspy za\u010dal skenov\u00e1n\u00edm LiDAR v roce 2018, kter\u00e9 odhalilo, \u017ee pahorky, kter\u00e9 byly d\u0159\u00edve pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed kopce, byly ve skute\u010dnosti starov\u011bk\u00e9 stavby. Tento pr\u016fzkum nazna\u010dil, \u017ee Tikal byl mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se d\u0159\u00edve myslelo.<\/p>\n\n

Vykop\u00e1vky proveden\u00e9 mezi \u0159\u00edjnem 2019 a lednem 2020 potvrdily p\u0159\u00edtomnost staveb ve stylu Teotihuac\u00e1nu. Archeologov\u00e9 pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed vr\u00e1tit se k dal\u0161\u00edm vykop\u00e1vk\u00e1m, aby odhalili v\u00edce tajemstv\u00ed o lidech, kte\u0159\u00ed postavili tyto z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 struktury, a o slo\u017eit\u00e9m vztahu mezi Tikalem a Teotihuac\u00e1nem.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Starov\u011bk\u00e1 mezoamerick\u00e1 m\u011bsta: Od spojenc\u016f k nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u016fm Objev teotihuac\u00e1nsk\u00e9 v\u00fdspy v Tikalu Archeologov\u00e9 u\u010dinili p\u0159evratn\u00fd objev v Tikalu, starobyl\u00e9 maysk\u00e9 metropoli v Guatemale. Vykopali budovy a artefakty, kter\u00e9 nazna\u010duj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[88,1880,5375,63,22330,4952,1643,22329,22328,3270],"class_list":["post-16873","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-archaeology","tag-diplomacy","tag-conquest","tag-culture","tag-maya","tag-mesoamerica","tag-ancient-history","tag-teotihuacan","tag-tikal","tag-warfare"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16873","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16873"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16873\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16874,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16873\/revisions\/16874"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16873"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16873"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16873"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}