P\u0159ed druhou sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lkou \u010delili Afroameri\u010dan\u00e9 v arm\u00e1d\u011b syst\u00e9mov\u00e9mu rasismu a diskriminaci. Byli obvykle p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1ni k nebojov\u00fdm rol\u00edm, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad kuchy\u0148sk\u00e1 slu\u017eba nebo stavba silnic.<\/p>\n\n
Nicm\u00e9n\u011b s t\u00edm, jak se konflikt v Evrop\u011b stup\u0148oval, NAACP a \u010derno\u0161sk\u00e9 noviny prosazovaly v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dast Afroameri\u010dan\u016f ve v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9m \u00fasil\u00ed. V roce 1941 nav\u0161t\u00edvila prvn\u00ed d\u00e1ma Eleanor Rooseveltov\u00e1 Tuskegee Institute, vysokou \u0161kolu pro \u010dernochy zalo\u017eenou v roce 1881. Let\u011bla s Charlesem Alfredem Andersonem, afroamerick\u00fdm pilotem, kter\u00fd vyu\u010doval civiln\u00ed pilotn\u00ed program ve \u0161kole. Rooseveltov\u00e1 podpora dala nad\u011bji za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dern\u00fdm pilot\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n
Pozd\u011bji t\u00e9ho\u017e roku otev\u0159elo Army Air Corps Moton Field, \u010dty\u0159i m\u00edle od Tuskegee Institute, jako v\u00fdcvikov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro \u010dern\u00e9 mu\u017ee. Prvn\u00edch 13 kadet\u016f \u017eilo na kolej\u00edch Tuskegee Institute a dostalo z\u00e1kladn\u00ed leteck\u00fd v\u00fdcvik od Andersona.<\/p>\n\n
Po osmi a\u017e deseti m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch v\u00fdcviku vytvo\u0159ili absolventi programu Tuskegee Air Corps prvn\u00ed celou \u010dernou jednotku v zemi, 99. st\u00edhac\u00ed letku. V roce 1943 byla nasazena do Afriky a v \u010dervnu 1943 provedla svou prvn\u00ed bojovou misi.<\/p>\n\n
Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku 99. \u010delila skepsi a kritice ze strany b\u00edl\u00fdch d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f. Museli prok\u00e1zat svou state\u010dnost v boji. V \u0159\u00edjnu 1943 sv\u011bd\u010dil velitel letky plukovn\u00edk Benjamin O. Davis Jr. p\u0159ed v\u00fdborem ministerstva v\u00e1lky a tvrdil, \u017ee 99. si vedla stejn\u011b dob\u0159e jako kter\u00e1koli nov\u00e1 st\u00edhac\u00ed letka, p\u0159esto\u017ee \u010delila rasismu a neznalosti \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Dne 27. ledna 1944 dos\u00e1hla 99. velk\u00e9ho v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed b\u011bhem hl\u00eddky nad italsk\u00fdmi Ponciansk\u00fdmi ostrovy. Zni\u010dila \u0161est nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch letadel a dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i po\u0161kodila, \u010d\u00edm\u017e uml\u010dela sv\u00e9 kritiky. 99. pokra\u010dovala v dosahov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed a z\u00edskala respekt sv\u00fdch protivn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Do konce v\u00e1lky slou\u017eilo v z\u00e1mo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 450 z 992 letc\u016f vycvi\u010den\u00fdch v Tuskegee, kte\u0159\u00ed dokon\u010dili 1 578 mis\u00ed, zni\u010dili 260 nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch letadel a potopili n\u011bmeckou bitevn\u00ed lo\u010f. Z\u00edskali \u010detn\u00e1 ocen\u011bn\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b 95 Distinguished Flying Crosses a Distinguished Unit Citation.<\/p>\n\n
V\u00fdkon Tuskegee Airmen b\u011bhem v\u00e1lky p\u0159im\u011bl prezidenta Harryho S. Trumana, aby v roce 1948 podepsal v\u00fdkonn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkaz, kter\u00fd z integrace v arm\u00e1d\u011b u\u010dinil realitu. Jejich d\u011bdictv\u00ed polo\u017eilo z\u00e1klady pro modern\u00ed hnut\u00ed za ob\u010dansk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va.<\/p>\n\n
V roce 1998 vytvo\u0159ila N\u00e1rodn\u00ed parkov\u00e1 slu\u017eba N\u00e1rodn\u00ed historick\u00e9 m\u00edsto Tuskegee Airmen na Moton Field. Toto m\u00edsto zahrnuje n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvnick\u00e9 centrum a pl\u00e1ny na obnoven\u00e9 Moton Field s muzeem a n\u011bkter\u00fdmi p\u016fvodn\u00edmi letadly jednotky.<\/p>\n\n
Moton Field m\u00e1 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed v\u00fdznam jako rodi\u0161t\u011b \u010dern\u00e9ho letectv\u00ed. Tuskegee Airmen, kte\u0159\u00ed tam tr\u00e9novali, \u010delili obrovsk\u00fdm v\u00fdzv\u00e1m, ale vytrvali a projevili odvahu, dovednosti a odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Jejich d\u011bdictv\u00ed i nad\u00e1le inspiruje mlad\u00e9 lidi, zejm\u00e9na Afroameri\u010dany, aby se v\u011bnovali kari\u00e9\u0159e v letectv\u00ed a usilovali o dokonalost ve v\u0161ech snah\u00e1ch. Pro \u010derno\u0161skou ml\u00e1de\u017e jsou setk\u00e1n\u00ed Tuskegee Airmen zdrojem inspirace, kter\u00fd je povzbuzuje, aby zv\u00e1\u017eili kari\u00e9ru v letectv\u00ed a usilovali o spravedliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a rovnopr\u00e1vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnost.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Titulek: Tuskegee Airmen: Pr\u016fkopni\u010dt\u00ed \u010derno\u0161\u0161t\u00ed vojen\u0161t\u00ed piloti Ran\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy P\u0159ed druhou sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lkou \u010delili Afroameri\u010dan\u00e9 v arm\u00e1d\u011b syst\u00e9mov\u00e9mu rasismu a diskriminaci. Byli obvykle p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1ni k nebojov\u00fdm rol\u00edm, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[41,4037,4744,596,19004,3533,2897,22380,1242],"class_list":["post-16925","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-aviation-history","tag-civil-rights-movement","tag-heroes","tag-inspiration","tag-black-history-month","tag-trailblazers","tag-overcoming-adversity","tag-tuskegee-airmen","tag-military-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16925","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16925"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16925\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16926,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16925\/revisions\/16926"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16925"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16925"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16925"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}