{"id":16939,"date":"2022-09-07T23:47:46","date_gmt":"2022-09-07T23:47:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16939"},"modified":"2022-09-07T23:47:46","modified_gmt":"2022-09-07T23:47:46","slug":"bikini-atoll-nuclear-tests-1946","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/nuclear-science\/bikini-atoll-nuclear-tests-1946\/","title":{"rendered":"Infamn\u00ed jadern\u00e9 testy na atolu Bikini 1946"},"content":{"rendered":"

Infamn\u00ed jadern\u00e9 testy na atolu Bikini 1946<\/h2>\n\n

P\u0159edehra: Operace Crossroads<\/h2>\n\n

V \u010dervenci 1946 zah\u00e1jila operace Crossroads jadern\u00e9 zkou\u0161ky na odlehl\u00e9m atolu Bikini v Tich\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu. Tato s\u00e9rie test\u016f, kterou provedly Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, znamenala prvn\u00ed nasazen\u00ed jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed od ni\u010div\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f na Japonsko v roce 1945.<\/p>\n\n

Lod\u011b duch\u016f a pokusn\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00edlem test\u016f bylo posoudit dopad jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed na n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 lod\u011b. Za t\u00edmto \u00fa\u010delem byly v c\u00edlov\u00e9 oblasti rozm\u00edst\u011bny lod\u011b duch\u016f napln\u011bn\u00e9 zv\u00ed\u0159aty. V\u011bdci pozorovali \u00fa\u010dinky jadern\u00e9ho v\u00fdbuchu a radioaktivn\u00edho spadu na tato zv\u00ed\u0159ata a sna\u017eili se pochopit potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u016fsledky pro lidsk\u00fd \u017eivot.<\/p>\n\n

Test Gilda a jeho n\u00e1sledky<\/h2>\n\n
    \n
  1. \u010dervence 1946 byla odp\u00e1lena prvn\u00ed bomba test\u016f s kryc\u00edm n\u00e1zvem Gilda. Bomba v\u0161ak minula sv\u016fj zam\u00fd\u0161len\u00fd c\u00edl, co\u017e vedlo ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00fdm \u0161kod\u00e1m na lod\u00edch duch\u016f. P\u0159esto v\u00fdbuch zp\u016fsobil zna\u010dn\u00e9 \u0161kody na okoln\u00edm ekosyst\u00e9mu, v\u010detn\u011b decimace mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho \u017eivota.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    Role v\u011bdc\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

    Na testech na atolu Bikini hr\u00e1lo kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli mnoho v\u011bdc\u016f. Mezi nimi byl Leonard P. Schultz, v\u011bdec zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se rybami, kter\u00fd zdokumentoval rozmanitost mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho \u017eivota v oblasti p\u0159ed v\u00fdbuchy a po nich. Jeho pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed poskytla cenn\u00e9 poznatky o dlouhodob\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dinc\u00edch jadern\u00fdch zkou\u0161ek na ekosyst\u00e9my.<\/p>\n\n

    Z\u00e1vod v jadern\u00e9m zbrojen\u00ed a jeho d\u016fsledky<\/h2>\n\n

    Testy na atolu Bikini za\u017eehly z\u00e1vod v jadern\u00e9m zbrojen\u00ed mezi Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty a Sov\u011btsk\u00fdm svazem. Vl\u00e1da USA nad\u00e1le vyu\u017e\u00edvala Marshallovy ostrovy, v\u010detn\u011b atolu Bikini, jako zku\u0161ebn\u00ed m\u00edsto pro celkem 67 jadern\u00fdch zkou\u0161ek. Tyto testy vys\u00eddlily 167 obyvatel Marshallov\u00fdch ostrov\u016f a donutily je st\u00e1t se uprchl\u00edky ve sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed zemi.<\/p>\n\n

    Dopady na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a zdrav\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

    Jadern\u00e9 zkou\u0161ky na atolu Bikini zanechaly trval\u00fd odkaz environment\u00e1ln\u00edch a zdravotn\u00edch rizik. Marshallovy ostrovy z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed kontaminov\u00e1ny radioaktivn\u00edmi materi\u00e1ly, co\u017e zt\u011b\u017euje vys\u00eddlen\u00fdm obyvatel\u016fm Marshallov\u00fdch ostrov\u016f n\u00e1vrat do sv\u00fdch domov\u016f. Testy tak\u00e9 vyvolaly obavy ohledn\u011b dlouhodob\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f radia\u010dn\u00ed expozice na lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

    Atol Bikini dnes<\/h2>\n\n

    Dnes je atol Bikini st\u00e1le symbolem ni\u010div\u00e9 s\u00edly jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed. P\u0159esto\u017ee Marshallovy ostrovy jako celek se postupn\u011b st\u00e1vaj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b radioaktivn\u00edmi, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nejist\u00e9, kdy bude atol Bikini bezpe\u010dn\u00fd pro lidsk\u00e9 os\u00eddlen\u00ed. Odkaz test\u016f z roku 1946 i nad\u00e1le slou\u017e\u00ed jako p\u0159ipom\u00ednka pot\u0159eby jadern\u00e9ho odzbrojen\u00ed a hled\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edrov\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch konflikt\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Infamn\u00ed jadern\u00e9 testy na atolu Bikini 1946 P\u0159edehra: Operace Crossroads V \u010dervenci 1946 zah\u00e1jila operace Crossroads jadern\u00e9 zkou\u0161ky na odlehl\u00e9m atolu Bikini v Tich\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu. Tato s\u00e9rie test\u016f, kterou provedly…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1613],"tags":[22397,368,18704,22398,18705,4477],"class_list":["post-16939","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nuclear-science","tag-bikini-atoll","tag-environmental-impact","tag-nuclear-history","tag-marshall-islands","tag-nuclear-testing","tag-radiation"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16939","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16939"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16939\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16940,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16939\/revisions\/16940"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16939"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16939"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16939"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}