{"id":16941,"date":"2020-03-13T19:02:37","date_gmt":"2020-03-13T19:02:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16941"},"modified":"2020-03-13T19:02:37","modified_gmt":"2020-03-13T19:02:37","slug":"the-rich-drivers-of-civilization-and-inequality","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/social-science\/the-rich-drivers-of-civilization-and-inequality\/","title":{"rendered":"Bohat\u00ed: Hnac\u00ed s\u00edly civilizace a nerovnosti"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bohat\u00ed: Hnac\u00ed s\u00edly civilizace a nerovnosti<\/h2>\n\n

Souvislost mezi bohatstv\u00edm a reprodukc\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

V pr\u016fb\u011bhu d\u011bjin bylo bohatstv\u00ed \u00fazce spjato s reproduk\u010dn\u00edm \u00fasp\u011bchem. Bohat\u00ed m\u011bli v\u017edy v\u00edce d\u011bt\u00ed ne\u017e chud\u00ed, co\u017e zaji\u0161\u0165ovalo, \u017ee jejich geny a vlastnosti budou p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1ny z generace na generaci. Tento jev byl pozorov\u00e1n jak ve zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed, tak v lidsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n

Bohat\u00ed jako inov\u00e1to\u0159i<\/h2>\n\n

V\u011bdci ned\u00e1vno navrhli, \u017ee bohat\u00ed hr\u00e1li v\u00fdznamnou roli v podpo\u0159e rozvoje civilizace. Jejich ne\u00fanavn\u00e9 hled\u00e1n\u00ed postaven\u00ed a presti\u017ee je vedlo k investic\u00edm do nov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed a inovac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nakonec prosp\u011bly cel\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Nap\u0159\u00edklad pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 revoluce byla vyvol\u00e1na touhou bohat\u00e9 elity po efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdrobn\u00edch metod\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n

\u010casov\u00e1 preference a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd r\u016fst<\/h2>\n\n

\u010casov\u00e1 preference se t\u00fdk\u00e1 tendence oce\u0148ovat okam\u017eit\u00e9 uspokojen\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161e ne\u017e dlouhodob\u00e9 v\u00fdhody. V\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee bohat\u00ed maj\u00ed tendenci m\u00edt ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u010dasovou preferenci, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jsou v\u00edce ochotni odlo\u017eit uspokojen\u00ed, aby dos\u00e1hli budouc\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f. Tato vlastnost p\u0159isp\u011bla k hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9mu r\u016fstu podporou investic a inovac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Extr\u00e9mn\u00ed sobectv\u00ed a veden\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Zat\u00edmco bohat\u00ed poskytli v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky spole\u010dnosti, byli tak\u00e9 spojov\u00e1ni s extr\u00e9mn\u00edm sobectv\u00edm. V\u016fdci, kte\u0159\u00ed up\u0159ednost\u0148uj\u00ed sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed z\u00e1jmy na \u00fakor druh\u00fdch, mohou v\u00e9st k soci\u00e1ln\u00ed nerovnosti a po\u0161kozov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Honba za bohatstv\u00edm a postaven\u00edm m\u016f\u017ee jedince korumpovat a v\u00e9st je k neetick\u00e9mu chov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Role hostin p\u0159i domestikaci<\/h2>\n\n

Archeologick\u00e9 d\u016fkazy nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee hostiny hr\u00e1ly kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v domestikaci rostlin a zv\u00ed\u0159at. Po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm n\u00e1kladn\u00fdch hostin vytv\u00e1\u0159eli bohat\u00ed jedinci konkuren\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nutilo hostitele hledat nov\u00e9 a exotick\u00e9 potraviny. To vedlo k domestikaci plodin, jako je p\u0161enice, chilli papri\u010dky a avok\u00e1da, kter\u00e9 byly p\u016fvodn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny pro \u00fa\u010dely presti\u017ee, ale pozd\u011bji se staly z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi zdroji potravy.<\/p>\n\n

Nebezpe\u010d\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edho darwinismu<\/h2>\n\n

N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u011bdci tvrdili, \u017ee \u00fasp\u011bch bohat\u00fdch je zp\u016fsoben genetickou nad\u0159azenost\u00ed. Toto tvrzen\u00ed je v\u0161ak kontroverzn\u00ed a postr\u00e1d\u00e1 v\u011bdeckou podporu. Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed darwinismus, my\u0161lenka, \u017ee siln\u00ed a bohat\u00ed jsou p\u0159irozen\u011b nad\u0159azeni slab\u00fdm a chud\u00fdm, je nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 a \u0161kodliv\u00e1 ideologie.<\/p>\n\n

Etick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky bohatstv\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Obrovsk\u00e9 hromad\u011bn\u00ed bohatstv\u00ed malou elitou vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 etick\u00e9 obavy. Zat\u00edmco bohat\u00ed nepochybn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bli ke spole\u010dnosti, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zpochybnit spole\u010densk\u00e9 struktury, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed tak extr\u00e9mn\u00ed nerovnost. Honba za bohatstv\u00edm by nem\u011bla b\u00fdt na \u00fakor soci\u00e1ln\u00ed spravedlnosti a environment\u00e1ln\u00ed udr\u017eitelnosti.<\/p>\n\n

Vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed bohatstv\u00ed a spole\u010dnosti<\/h2>\n\n

Spole\u010dnost mus\u00ed naj\u00edt rovnov\u00e1hu mezi p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky bohat\u00fdch a blahobytem zbytku populace. To zahrnuje zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed politik, kter\u00e9 podporuj\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159skou mobilitu, sni\u017euj\u00ed nerovnost a chr\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Vy\u017eaduje to tak\u00e9 zpochybn\u011bn\u00ed oslavov\u00e1n\u00ed bohatstv\u00ed a podporu hodnot, jako je soucit a spole\u010densk\u00e1 odpov\u011bdnost.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bohat\u00ed: Hnac\u00ed s\u00edly civilizace a nerovnosti Souvislost mezi bohatstv\u00edm a reprodukc\u00ed V pr\u016fb\u011bhu d\u011bjin bylo bohatstv\u00ed \u00fazce spjato s reproduk\u010dn\u00edm \u00fasp\u011bchem. Bohat\u00ed m\u011bli v\u017edy v\u00edce d\u011bt\u00ed ne\u017e chud\u00ed, co\u017e zaji\u0161\u0165ovalo,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[824],"tags":[20120,1280,27,37,6051,2098,97],"class_list":["post-16941","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-social-science","tag-wealth","tag-ethics","tag-history","tag-innovation","tag-inequality","tag-society","tag-science"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16941","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16941"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16941\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16942,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16941\/revisions\/16942"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16941"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16941"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16941"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}