{"id":16956,"date":"2024-08-23T02:06:28","date_gmt":"2024-08-23T02:06:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16956"},"modified":"2024-08-23T02:06:28","modified_gmt":"2024-08-23T02:06:28","slug":"whispering-bats-not-so-quiet-after-all","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/zoology\/whispering-bats-not-so-quiet-after-all\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0160eptaj\u00edc\u00ed netop\u00fd\u0159i: Nejsou tak tich\u00ed, jak se zd\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0160eptaj\u00edc\u00ed netop\u00fd\u0159i: Nakonec v\u016fbec ne tak tich\u00fd<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Echolokace a decibely<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0160eptaj\u00edc\u00ed netop\u00fd\u0159i jsou navzdory sv\u00e9mu jm\u00e9nu cokoliv jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e tich\u00e1 stvo\u0159en\u00ed. Jejich echoloka\u010dn\u00ed zvuky, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k navigaci a detekci ko\u0159isti, mohou dos\u00e1hnout p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b vysok\u00fdch hlasitost\u00ed. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie publikovan\u00e1 v odborn\u00e9m \u010dasopise Journal of Experimental Biology zm\u011b\u0159ila echoloka\u010dn\u00ed zvuky dvou druh\u016f \u0161eptaj\u00edc\u00edch netop\u00fdr\u016f: jamajsk\u00e9ho kalo\u0148e (Artibeus jamaicensis) a velkono\u017eky velkolist\u00e9 (Macrophyllum macrophyllum).<\/p>\n\n<p>V\u00fdsledky byly ohromuj\u00edc\u00ed. Zvuky velkono\u017eky velkolist\u00e9 dos\u00e1hly maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed hlasitosti 105 decibel\u016f, co\u017e je srovnateln\u00e9 s hladinou hluku v newyorsk\u00e9m metru. Jamajsk\u00fd kalo\u0148 v\u0161ak tuto hodnotu dokonce p\u0159ekonal, kdy\u017e jeho zvuky dos\u00e1hly \u00fa\u017easn\u00fdch 110 decibel\u016f, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 p\u0159edn\u00edm \u0159ad\u00e1m na rockov\u00e9m koncert\u011b.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jamajsk\u00fd kalo\u0148: Hlu\u010dn\u00fd a s dlouh\u00fdm dosahem<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e1 hlasitost jamajsk\u00e9ho kalo\u0148e je zp\u016fsobena jeho jedine\u010dn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem \u017eivota. Jako kalo\u0148 \u017eiv\u00edc\u00ed se ovocem mus\u00ed p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed strom\u016f s ovocem p\u0159ekon\u00e1vat velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti. Jeho hlasit\u00e9 a dlouh\u00e9 echoloka\u010dn\u00ed zvuky mu pom\u00e1haj\u00ed orientovat se v hust\u00e9m lesn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Velkono\u017eka velkolist\u00e1: Lov hmyzu zalo\u017een\u00fd na ocasu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Naproti tomu velkono\u017eka velkolist\u00e1 m\u00e1 specializovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed loveckou strategii. K nab\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed hmyzu z hladiny vody pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 sv\u016fj ocas. Tato metoda lovu ko\u0159isti nevy\u017eaduje stejn\u00e9 dalekonosn\u00e9 echoloka\u010dn\u00ed zvuky jako u jamajsk\u00e9ho kalo\u0148e.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rozd\u00edly v \u017eivotn\u00edm stylu a echolokaci<\/h2>\n\n<p>Markantn\u00ed rozd\u00edl v hlasitosti echolokace mezi t\u011bmito dv\u011bma druhy zd\u016fraz\u0148uje \u00fazkou souvislost mezi \u017eivotn\u00edm stylem a echoloka\u010dn\u00edmi vlastnostmi netop\u00fdr\u016f. Hlasit\u00e9 zvuky jamajsk\u00e9ho kalo\u0148e jsou nezbytn\u00e9 pro jeho navigaci na velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti a schopnosti nach\u00e1zet potravu. Ti\u0161\u0161\u00ed zvuky velkono\u017eky velkolist\u00e9 jsou naopak p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00e9 jej\u00ed specializovan\u00e9 technice lovu hmyzu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Evolu\u010dn\u00ed adaptace<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u00fdvoj t\u011bchto kontrastn\u00edch echoloka\u010dn\u00edch strategi\u00ed je d\u016fkazem pozoruhodn\u00e9 p\u0159izp\u016fsobivosti netop\u00fdr\u016f. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu p\u0159irozen\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br up\u0159ednost\u0148oval r\u016fzn\u00e9 echoloka\u010dn\u00ed vlastnosti u r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f, \u010d\u00edm\u017e optimalizoval jejich schopnost prosp\u00edvat v p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch ekologick\u00fdch nik\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Implikace pro ochranu netop\u00fdr\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pochopen\u00ed vztahu mezi echolokac\u00ed a \u017eivotn\u00edm stylem je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro ochranu netop\u00fdr\u016f. Rozpozn\u00e1n\u00edm jedine\u010dn\u00fdch adaptac\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f netop\u00fdr\u016f mohou ochr\u00e1nci p\u0159\u00edrody vyvinout c\u00edlen\u00e9 strategie na ochranu jejich stanovi\u0161\u0165 a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed jejich p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed poznatky<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Decibelov\u00e1 stupnice je logaritmick\u00e1, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee n\u00e1r\u016fst o 10 decibel\u016f p\u0159edstavuje zdvojn\u00e1soben\u00ed intenzity zvuku.<\/li>\n<li>Echolokace se nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pouze k navigaci, ale tak\u00e9 k detekci ko\u0159isti.<\/li>\n<li>Echoloka\u010dn\u00ed zvuky jamajsk\u00e9ho kalo\u0148e jsou p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b dvakr\u00e1t hlasit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e zvuky velkono\u017eky velkolist\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li>Ocas velkono\u017eky velkolist\u00e9 je vysoce specializovanou adaptac\u00ed pro chyt\u00e1n\u00ed hmyzu z vody.<\/li>\n<li>V\u00fdvoj strategi\u00ed echolokace u netop\u00fdr\u016f je \u0159\u00edzen p\u0159irozen\u00fdm v\u00fdb\u011brem a pot\u0159ebou p\u0159izp\u016fsobit se r\u016fzn\u00fdm ekologick\u00fdm nik\u00e1m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0160eptaj\u00edc\u00ed netop\u00fd\u0159i: Nakonec v\u016fbec ne tak tich\u00fd Echolokace a decibely \u0160eptaj\u00edc\u00ed netop\u00fd\u0159i jsou navzdory sv\u00e9mu jm\u00e9nu cokoliv jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e tich\u00e1 stvo\u0159en\u00ed. Jejich echoloka\u010dn\u00ed zvuky, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k navigaci a detekci&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24112,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[2706,22406,688,252,22405,97],"class_list":["post-16956","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zoology","tag-animal-adaptations","tag-bat-conservation","tag-echolocation","tag-nature","tag-whispering-bats","tag-science"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16956","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16956"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16956\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24113,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16956\/revisions\/24113"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24112"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16956"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16956"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16956"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}