{"id":16994,"date":"2024-06-05T21:58:15","date_gmt":"2024-06-05T21:58:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16994"},"modified":"2024-06-05T21:58:15","modified_gmt":"2024-06-05T21:58:15","slug":"european-printmakers-imaginative-colonial-american-cities","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/art\/art-history\/european-printmakers-imaginative-colonial-american-cities\/","title":{"rendered":"Americk\u00e1 koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bsta o\u010dima evropsk\u00fdch grafik\u016f: fantazie a skute\u010dnost"},"content":{"rendered":"

Imaginativn\u00ed vize koloni\u00e1ln\u00edch americk\u00fdch m\u011bst evropsk\u00fdch grafik\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Historie<\/h2>\n\n

V pr\u016fb\u011bhu 18. a 19. stolet\u00ed \u010delili evrop\u0161t\u00ed grafici v\u00fdzv\u011b: vytvo\u0159it obrazy vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch koloni\u00e1ln\u00edch americk\u00fdch m\u011bst, ani\u017e by je kdy nav\u0161t\u00edvili. Aby uspokojili ve\u0159ejnou popt\u00e1vku po t\u011bchto exotick\u00fdch v\u00fdhledech, um\u011blci se obr\u00e1tili ke sv\u00e9 fantazii.<\/p>\n\n

Ekonomick\u00e9 motivace a nedostatek originality<\/h2>\n\n

Grafici se \u010dasto spol\u00e9hali na existuj\u00edc\u00ed um\u011bleck\u00e1 d\u00edla jako inspiraci a kop\u00edrovali n\u00e1vrhy, aby u\u0161et\u0159ili \u010das a pen\u00edze. Koncept originality je\u0161t\u011b nebyl ve sv\u011bt\u011b um\u011bn\u00ed pevn\u011b zaveden, tak\u017ee um\u011blci nev\u00e1hali si od ostatn\u00edch vyp\u016fj\u010dovat.<\/p>\n\n

Vzestup Vues d’Optique<\/h2>\n\n

N\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed rytci Balthasar Friedrich Leizelt a Franz Xaver Habermann vytvo\u0159ili jedine\u010dn\u00fd typ tisku naz\u00fdvan\u00fd vues d’optique. Tyto tisky byly navr\u017eeny tak, aby byly prohl\u00ed\u017eeny p\u0159es zograskop, optick\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je \u010dinilo trojrozm\u011brn\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n\n

P\u016fj\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed pohled\u016f na evropsk\u00e1 m\u011bsta<\/h2>\n\n

P\u0159ekvapiv\u011b Leizelt a Habermann nezakl\u00e1dali sv\u00e9 americk\u00e9 m\u011bstsk\u00e9 pohledy na skute\u010dn\u00fdch zobrazen\u00edch t\u011bchto m\u011bst. M\u00edsto toho se inspirovali existuj\u00edc\u00edmi pohledy na evropsk\u00e1 m\u011bsta. To vedlo k n\u011bkter\u00fdm velmi nep\u0159esn\u00fdm a fantastick\u00fdm reprezentac\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n

Fiktivn\u00ed pohledy na Filadelfii a New York<\/h2>\n\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad jejich tisky \u201ePhiladelphie\u201c a \u201eLa nouvelle Yorck\u201c obsahuj\u00ed prvky okop\u00edrovan\u00e9 z pohledu na kr\u00e1lovskou lod\u011bnici v Deptfordu v Anglii. Tyto p\u0159\u00edstavn\u00ed sc\u00e9ny se jen m\u00e1lo podobaj\u00ed koloni\u00e1ln\u00edm m\u011bst\u016fm, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla reprezentovat.<\/p>\n\n

Nep\u0159esn\u00e1 zobrazen\u00ed Bostonu a sochy Ji\u0159\u00edho III.<\/h2>\n\n

Pohled Leizelta a Habermanna na King Street v Bostonu ukazuje ru\u0161nou pouli\u010dn\u00ed sc\u00e9nu s ok\u00e1zal\u00fdm presbyteri\u00e1nsk\u00fdm kostelem, kter\u00fd by byl v koloni\u00e1ln\u00edm Bostonu velmi neobvykl\u00fd. Podobn\u011b jejich zobrazen\u00ed zni\u010den\u00ed sochy Ji\u0159\u00edho III. v New Yorku obsahuje chybnou sochu.<\/p>\n\n

Z\u00e1bavn\u00ed hodnota nad p\u0159esnost\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Navzdory sv\u00fdm nep\u0159esnostem byly vues d’optique od Leizelta a Habermanna popul\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1bavou na spole\u010densk\u00fdch setk\u00e1n\u00edch. Lid\u00e9 si u\u017e\u00edvali pohledy p\u0159es zograskop a obdivovali \u017eiv\u00e9 barvy a optick\u00e9 iluze.<\/p>\n\n

Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 dostupnost tisk\u016f Leizelta a Habermanna<\/h2>\n\n

Clementsova knihovna na Michigansk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b vlastn\u00ed v\u00fdznamnou sb\u00edrku vues d’optique od Leizelta a Habermanna. Tyto tisky byly ned\u00e1vno zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm Katalogov\u00e9ho vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed knihovny Michigansk\u00e9 univerzity a brzy budou p\u0159id\u00e1ny do Obrazov\u00e9 banky Clements.<\/p>\n\n

Vliv evropsk\u00fdch grafik\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee zobrazen\u00ed koloni\u00e1ln\u00edch americk\u00fdch m\u011bst evropsk\u00fdmi grafiky byla \u010dasto nep\u0159esn\u00e1, hr\u00e1la zaj\u00edmavou roli p\u0159i formov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch zem\u00ed. Jejich imaginativn\u00ed vize poskytly pohled do exotick\u00e9ho a nezn\u00e1m\u00e9ho sv\u011bta za Atlantikem.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Imaginativn\u00ed vize koloni\u00e1ln\u00edch americk\u00fdch m\u011bst evropsk\u00fdch grafik\u016f Historie V pr\u016fb\u011bhu 18. a 19. stolet\u00ed \u010delili evrop\u0161t\u00ed grafici v\u00fdzv\u011b: vytvo\u0159it obrazy vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch koloni\u00e1ln\u00edch americk\u00fdch m\u011bst, ani\u017e by je kdy nav\u0161t\u00edvili. Aby…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":23604,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[710],"tags":[22453,22454,21838,22455,22456,15853,99,22457],"class_list":["post-16994","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-art-history","tag-european-printmakers","tag-fictionalized-depictions","tag-printmaking","tag-historical-inaccuracy","tag-imaginative-visions","tag-colonial-america","tag-lifescienceart","tag-vues-doptique"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16994","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16994"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16994\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16995,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16994\/revisions\/16995"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23604"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16994"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16994"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16994"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}