Zat\u00edmco mnoho pt\u00e1k\u016f migruje na zimu na jih, aby uniklo drsn\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m, n\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy, jako je velk\u00fd r\u00e1kosn\u00edk, maj\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00fd zimn\u00ed zvyk: zp\u00edvaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
V\u011bdci u\u017e dlouho p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lej\u00ed, pro\u010d pt\u00e1ci zp\u00edvaj\u00ed v zim\u011b, kdy\u017e se nerozmno\u017euj\u00ed. Jedna teorie \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee tento zp\u011bv pom\u00e1h\u00e1 samc\u016fm chr\u00e1nit sv\u00e9 teritorium. V\u00fdzkumy v\u0161ak uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee velc\u00ed r\u00e1kosn\u00edci zp\u00edvaj\u00ed v zim\u011b jin\u00fd typ p\u00edsn\u011b ne\u017e v dob\u011b hn\u00edzd\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Testosteron je hormon, kter\u00fd souvis\u00ed se zp\u011bvn\u00fdm chov\u00e1n\u00edm u pt\u00e1k\u016f. B\u011bhem obdob\u00ed rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u00edvaj\u00ed samci s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hladinou testosteronu slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u00edsn\u011b. V\u011bdci v\u0161ak zjistili, \u017ee velc\u00ed r\u00e1kosn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed zp\u00edvali v zim\u011b, nem\u011bli vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hladinu testosteronu ne\u017e ti, kte\u0159\u00ed z\u016fstali zticha.<\/p>\n\n
Dal\u0161\u00ed teori\u00ed je, \u017ee zimn\u00ed zp\u011bv je forma n\u00e1cviku na obdob\u00ed rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. Velc\u00ed r\u00e1kosn\u00edci jsou zn\u00e1m\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee m\u011bn\u00ed sv\u00e9 p\u00edsn\u011b z roku na rok a poka\u017ed\u00e9 p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed nov\u00e9 slabiky. V\u011bdci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee zimn\u00ed zp\u011bv m\u016f\u017ee samc\u016fm pomoci rozvinout slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a p\u0159ita\u017eliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u00edsn\u011b pro jaro.<\/p>\n\n
V\u011bdci tak\u00e9 zjistili, \u017ee druhy, kter\u00e9 tr\u00e1v\u00ed nejv\u00edce \u010dasu zp\u011bvem v zim\u011b, jsou ty, u kter\u00fdch samci produkuj\u00ed nejslo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rozmno\u017eovac\u00ed p\u00edsn\u011b, ale maj\u00ed nejoby\u010dejn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pe\u0159\u00ed. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee n\u00e1cvik m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro druhy, kter\u00e9 se spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na sv\u00e9 p\u00edsn\u011b, aby p\u0159il\u00e1kaly partnery, ne\u017e na sv\u016fj vzhled.<\/p>\n\n
I kdy\u017e je n\u00e1cvik p\u0159ijateln\u00fdm vysv\u011btlen\u00edm pro zimn\u00ed zp\u011bv, je tak\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee melodie maj\u00ed i jin\u00e9 funkce. Nap\u0159\u00edklad zp\u011bv m\u016f\u017ee samc\u016fm pomoci nav\u00e1zat soci\u00e1ln\u00ed vazby nebo br\u00e1nit sv\u00e9 zdroje.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159esto\u017ee bylo provedeno mnoho v\u00fdzkum\u016f, st\u00e1le existuje mnoho nezodpov\u011bzen\u00fdch ot\u00e1zek t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se zp\u011bvu pt\u00e1k\u016f v zim\u011b. Nap\u0159\u00edklad nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, jak \u010dasto a intenzivn\u011b pt\u00e1ci v zim\u011b zp\u00edvaj\u00ed, nebo zda je zimn\u00ed zp\u011bv nezbytnou funkc\u00ed pro v\u0161echny ta\u017en\u00e9 zp\u011bvn\u00e9 pt\u00e1ky.<\/p>\n\n
V\u011bdci maj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 perspektivy na d\u016fle\u017eitost zimn\u00edho zp\u011bvu. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee je to nezbytn\u00fd n\u00e1cvik pro \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, zat\u00edmco jin\u00ed se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt i jin\u00e9 funkce, nebo nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u016fbec nezbytn\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n
K \u00fapln\u00e9mu pochopen\u00ed role, kterou hraje zimn\u00ed zp\u011bv u pt\u00e1k\u016f, je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu. Budouc\u00ed studie by mohly zkoumat \u010detnost a intenzitu zp\u011bvu, \u00fa\u010dinky zimn\u00edho zp\u011bvu na \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nost rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed a potenci\u00e1l dal\u0161\u00edch funkc\u00ed zimn\u00edch melodi\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Velc\u00ed r\u00e1kosn\u00edci: Zimn\u00ed n\u00e1cvik zp\u011bvu pro jarn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch Zimn\u00ed zp\u011bv: P\u0159ekvapiv\u00fd zvyk Zat\u00edmco mnoho pt\u00e1k\u016f migruje na zimu na jih, aby uniklo drsn\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m, n\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy, jako je velk\u00fd r\u00e1kosn\u00edk,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[288],"tags":[5068,252,22463,99,97,22464],"class_list":["post-17004","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biology","tag-bird-behavior","tag-nature","tag-great-reed-warblers","tag-lifescienceart","tag-science","tag-winter-singing"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17004","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17004"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17004\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17005,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17004\/revisions\/17005"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17004"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17004"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17004"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}