Proto\u017ee se lid\u00e9 zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na Mars, v\u011bdci a etici vznesli obavy ohledn\u011b fyzick\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee, kterou by mohly m\u00edt dlouhodob\u00e9 pobyty ve vesm\u00edru na lidsk\u00e9 t\u011blo. S omezen\u00fdmi daty o dopadech d\u00e1lkov\u00fdch kosmick\u00fdch let\u016f prov\u00e1d\u00ed NASA pr\u016fkopnick\u00fd experiment s dvoj\u010daty astronauty Markem a Scottem Kellym, aby osv\u011btlila tato potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed rizika.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok se Mark a Scott Kelly vydaj\u00ed na ro\u010dn\u00ed experiment, b\u011bhem kter\u00e9ho budou podrobeni p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdm l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdm test\u016fm a monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed. Scott bude pob\u00fdvat na Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 stanici, zat\u00edmco Mark z\u016fstane na Zemi jako kontroln\u00ed subjekt. Tato jedine\u010dn\u00e1 studie poskytne cenn\u00e9 poznatky o \u00fa\u010dinc\u00edch cestov\u00e1n\u00ed ve vesm\u00edru na lidsk\u00e9 t\u011blo, v\u010detn\u011b ztr\u00e1ty kostn\u00ed a svalov\u00e9 hmoty, vystaven\u00ed radiaci a funkce imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n
Jedn\u00edm z dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f kosmick\u00fdch let\u016f je ztr\u00e1ta kostn\u00ed a svalov\u00e9 hmoty. Nedostatek gravitace ve vesm\u00edru zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee t\u011blo ztr\u00e1c\u00ed svou p\u0159irozenou odolnost v\u016f\u010di tlaku, co\u017e vede ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed hustoty kost\u00ed a svalov\u00e9 hmoty. To m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro dlouhodob\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed astronaut\u016f, proto\u017ee zvy\u0161uje jejich riziko zlomenin a probl\u00e9m\u016f s mobilitou.<\/p>\n\n
Dal\u0161\u00edm hlavn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem spojen\u00fdm s cestov\u00e1n\u00edm ve vesm\u00edru je vystaven\u00ed radiaci. Astronauti ve vesm\u00edru jsou vystaveni vysok\u00fdm \u00farovn\u00edm radiace z kosmick\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a slune\u010dn\u00edch erupc\u00ed. Toto z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee po\u0161kodit bu\u0148ky a zv\u00fd\u0161it riziko vzniku rakoviny. Experiment NASA s dvoj\u010daty Kellyov\u00fdmi pom\u016f\u017ee ur\u010dit rozsah tohoto rizika a vyvinout strategie ke zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed jeho \u00fa\u010dink\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m hraje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli p\u0159i ochran\u011b t\u011bla p\u0159ed infekc\u00ed. Kosmick\u00e9 lety v\u0161ak prokazateln\u011b potla\u010duj\u00ed funkci imunity, \u010d\u00edm\u017e \u010din\u00ed astronauty n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi k nemocem. Experiment bratr\u016f Kellyov\u00fdch bude zkoumat, jak kosmick\u00e9 lety ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, a identifikuje zp\u016fsoby, jak jej pos\u00edlit pro budouc\u00ed mise.<\/p>\n\n
A\u010dkoli studie dvoj\u010dat nab\u00edzej\u00ed cenn\u00e9 poznatky o \u00fa\u010dinc\u00edch kosmick\u00fdch let\u016f, maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 sv\u00e1 omezen\u00ed. Dvoj\u010data nejsou toto\u017en\u00e1 a jejich genetika a \u017eivotn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti mohou do v\u00fdsledk\u016f zav\u00e9st variabilitu. Nav\u00edc mal\u00e1 velikost vzorku ve studi\u00edch dvoj\u010dat omezuje jejich zobecnitelnost.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159es tato omezen\u00ed se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee experiment bratr\u016f Kellyov\u00fdch p\u0159inese v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 poznatky o dopadu kosmick\u00fdch let\u016f na lidsk\u00e9 t\u011blo. Porovn\u00e1n\u00edm zdrav\u00ed Marka a Scotta po roce ve vesm\u00edru z\u00edskaj\u00ed v\u011bdci lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edstavu o fyziologick\u00fdch v\u00fdzv\u00e1ch, kter\u00fdm astronauti \u010del\u00ed, a vyvinou strategie na ochranu jejich zdrav\u00ed b\u011bhem budouc\u00edch mis\u00ed na Mars a d\u00e1le.<\/p>\n\n
Prozkoum\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch sv\u011bt\u016f p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed s sebou inherentn\u00ed rizika a je nezbytn\u00e9 zv\u00e1\u017eit potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednosy pr\u016fzkumu vesm\u00edru oproti rizik\u016fm pro lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed. Experiment bratr\u016f Kellyov\u00fdch je kritick\u00fdm krokem k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed t\u011bchto etick\u00fdch obav a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed toho, aby budouc\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 mise byly prov\u00e1d\u011bny s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed a ohledem na blaho astronaut\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Vliv kosmick\u00fdch let\u016f na lidsk\u00e9 t\u011blo: ro\u010dn\u00ed experiment NASA s dvoj\u010daty astronauty Rizika vysl\u00e1n\u00ed lid\u00ed na Mars Proto\u017ee se lid\u00e9 zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na Mars, v\u011bdci a etici vznesli obavy ohledn\u011b fyzick\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[476],"tags":[22562,3371,473,434,22564,22563,20369,15438],"class_list":["post-17092","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-space-science","tag-bone-loss","tag-immune-system","tag-nasa","tag-space-exploration","tag-radiation-exposure","tag-muscle-loss","tag-twin-studies","tag-human-health"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17092","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17092"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17092\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17093,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17092\/revisions\/17093"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17092"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17092"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17092"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}