V 19. stolet\u00ed se ze Severoz\u00e1padn\u00edho teritoria stal maj\u00e1k nad\u011bje pro svobodn\u00e9 Afroameri\u010dany. Region zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00ed st\u00e1ty Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana a Wisconsin nab\u00edzel \u0161anci za\u010d\u00edt nov\u00fd \u017eivot bez okov\u016f otroctv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
V \u010dele state\u010dn\u00fdch a vizion\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch pion\u00fdr\u016f sm\u011b\u0159ovali Afroameri\u010dan\u00e9 do Severoz\u00e1padn\u00edho teritoria ve snaze naj\u00edt rovnost a p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti. \u010celili mnoha p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1m, v\u010detn\u011b povinnosti prok\u00e1zat svobodu a zaplatit a\u017e 500 dolar\u016f jako d\u016fkaz finan\u010dn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti. Navzdory t\u011bmto v\u00fdzv\u00e1m vytrvali a zalo\u017eili \u0159adu osad.<\/p>\n\n
Na rozd\u00edl od v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed se mnoz\u00ed svobodn\u00ed Afroameri\u010dan\u00e9 rozhodli usadit ve venkovsk\u00fdch zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch komunit\u00e1ch sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e ve m\u011bstech. Vybudovali prosperuj\u00edc\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a ekonomickou strukturu, vlastnili p\u016fdu, provozovali podniky a dokonce zast\u00e1vali volen\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady.<\/p>\n\n
V pozoruhodn\u00e9m rozporu s dobov\u00fdmi normami vzkv\u00e9taly v Severoz\u00e1padn\u00edm teritoriu integrovan\u00e9 kostely a \u0161koly. B\u00edl\u00ed a \u010dern\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9 \u017eili vedle sebe jako soused\u00e9, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v opravdov\u00e9 harmonii, jin\u00ed s ur\u010ditou m\u00edrou tolerance. Tato \u00farove\u0148 integrace byla v jin\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech zem\u011b nev\u00eddan\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n
Severoz\u00e1padn\u00ed teritorio zt\u011bles\u0148ovalo ide\u00e1ly americk\u00e9 revoluce, zejm\u00e9na z\u00e1sady rovnosti a individu\u00e1ln\u00edch pr\u00e1v. Volebn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo bylo ud\u011bleno v\u0161em mu\u017e\u016fm bez ohledu na rasu v souladu se Severoz\u00e1padn\u00edm na\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm z roku 1792.<\/p>\n\n
Politici t\u00e9 doby rozpoznali nebezpe\u010d\u00ed p\u0159edsudk\u016f a jejich potenci\u00e1l podr\u00fdt demokratickou republiku. Argumentovali, \u017ee vylou\u010den\u00ed jak\u00e9koli skupiny z ob\u010danstv\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b povrchn\u00edch rozd\u00edl\u016f, jako je barva pleti, by mohlo v\u00e9st k klouzav\u00e9mu svahu diskriminace.<\/p>\n\n
Navzdory pokrok\u016fm dosa\u017een\u00fdm v Severoz\u00e1padn\u00edm teritoriu \u010delili afroameri\u010dt\u00ed osadn\u00edci v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm v\u00fdzv\u00e1m. Byli vystaveni rasismu a diskriminaci, \u010dasto pramen\u00edc\u00ed z jejich \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e ne\u00fasp\u011bch\u016f. B\u00edl\u00e9 davov\u00e9 n\u00e1sil\u00ed a \u00fatoky c\u00edlily na afroamerick\u00e9 komunity, \u010d\u00edm\u017e bylo mnoho lid\u00ed nuceno uprchnout ze sv\u00fdch domov\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Z\u00e1kon o uprchl\u00fdch otroc\u00edch z roku 1850 vy\u017eadoval, aby obyvatel\u00e9 Severoz\u00e1padn\u00edho teritoria vraceli uprchl\u00e9 otroky, co\u017e d\u00e1le podkop\u00e1valo pr\u00e1va Afroameri\u010dan\u016f. Rozsudek Dred Scott v roce 1857 odep\u0159el ob\u010danstv\u00ed v\u0161em \u010dernoch\u016fm bez ohledu na jejich status jako svobodn\u00fdch nebo otrok\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Historie svobodn\u00fdch Afroameri\u010dan\u016f v Severoz\u00e1padn\u00edm teritoriu byla do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry zapomenuta. P\u0159edstavuje v\u0161ak z\u00e1sadn\u00ed kapitolu americk\u00fdch d\u011bjin, kter\u00e1 osv\u011btluje boje a aspirace t\u011bchto pion\u00fdr\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Zachov\u00e1n\u00edm d\u011bdictv\u00ed t\u011bchto pion\u00fdr\u016f a jejich osad nejen vzd\u00e1v\u00e1me hold jejich p\u0159\u00ednos\u016fm, ale tak\u00e9 hloub\u011bji ch\u00e1peme prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1pas o rovnost a spravedlnost v Americe. V\u00fdzvy, kter\u00fdm \u010delili, a pokrok, kter\u00e9ho dos\u00e1hli, n\u00e1m p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitost vytrvalosti, spolupr\u00e1ce a neochv\u011bjn\u00e9 snahy o spravedlivou spole\u010dnost.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Zapomenut\u00ed pion\u00fd\u0159i: Svobodn\u00ed Afroameri\u010dan\u00e9 v Severoz\u00e1padn\u00edm teritoriu Os\u00eddlen\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost V 19. stolet\u00ed se ze Severoz\u00e1padn\u00edho teritoria stal maj\u00e1k nad\u011bje pro svobodn\u00e9 Afroameri\u010dany. Region zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00ed st\u00e1ty Ohio, Michigan, Illinois,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":25233,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1080,19,22706,1434,186,22707,1879,765,22589,902,64],"class_list":["post-17227","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-african-american-history","tag-american-history","tag-free-african-americans","tag-black-history","tag-migration","tag-northwest-territory","tag-civil-rights","tag-slavery","tag-pioneers","tag-racism","tag-equality"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17227","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17227"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17227\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25234,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17227\/revisions\/25234"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25233"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17227"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17227"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17227"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}