P\u0159i pozoruhodn\u00e9m objevu byl na St. John’s College v Marylandu nalezen d\u0159\u00edve nezn\u00e1m\u00fd rukopis proslul\u00e9ho filozofa Johna Locka. Rukopis s n\u00e1zvem \u201eD\u016fvody pro toleranci papist\u016f stejn\u011b jako ostatn\u00edch\u201c zpochyb\u0148uje dlouho tradovan\u00e9 p\u0159edpoklady o Lockeov\u00fdch n\u00e1zorech na n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou toleranci.<\/p>\n\n
Rukopis sepsan\u00fd v letech 1667-8 nab\u00edz\u00ed nahl\u00e9dnut\u00ed do Lockeova ran\u00e9ho uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed o n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 toleranci. Locke, kter\u00fd je \u010dasto l\u00ed\u010den jako zast\u00e1nce n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 svobody, m\u011bl zn\u00e1m\u00e9 negativn\u00ed n\u00e1zory na katol\u00edky, kter\u00e9 hanliv\u011b ozna\u010doval jako \u201epapisty\u201c.<\/p>\n\n
Av\u0161ak nov\u011b objeven\u00fd rukopis odhaluje odli\u0161nou perspektivu. Locke obhajuje toleranci v\u016f\u010di katol\u00edk\u016fm a tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee je v nejlep\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1jmu panovn\u00edka i spole\u010denstv\u00ed. Nazna\u010duje, \u017ee tolerance m\u016f\u017ee prosp\u011bt \u0159\u00ed\u0161i podporou m\u00edru a stability.<\/p>\n\n
Rukopis rovn\u011b\u017e vrh\u00e1 sv\u011btlo na p\u016fvod Lockeovy pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ce o n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 toleranci. Mnoho my\u0161lenek nalezen\u00fdch v jeho st\u011b\u017eejn\u00ed pojedn\u00e1n\u00ed \u201eDopis o toleranci\u201c bylo poprv\u00e9 navr\u017eeno v t\u00e9to d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ci. Lockeova p\u0159edstava n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 tolerance se stala z\u00e1kladn\u00edm kamenem z\u00e1padn\u00ed liber\u00e1ln\u00ed demokracie a ovlivnila odd\u011blen\u00ed c\u00edrkve a st\u00e1tu v \u00fastav\u011b USA.<\/p>\n\n
Rukopis je naps\u00e1n ve form\u011b dvou seznam\u016f, z nich\u017e jeden uv\u00e1d\u00ed d\u016fvody pro toleranci katol\u00edk\u016f a druh\u00fd d\u016fvody proti n\u00ed. Politolog Cole Simmons poukazuje na to, \u017ee Lockeovy d\u016fvody pro toleranci katol\u00edk\u016f jsou v\u0161echny zalo\u017eeny na z\u00e1jmu panovn\u00edka. Naopak jeho d\u016fvody pro netoleranci katol\u00edk\u016f jsou zalo\u017eeny na potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u00fdhod\u00e1ch pro spole\u010denstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Anal\u00fdza rukopisu tak\u00e9 nazna\u010duje, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o odpov\u011b\u010f na pamflet sira Charlese Wolseleyho \u201eSvoboda sv\u011bdom\u00ed je z\u00e1jem magistr\u00e1tu\u201c. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee Locke se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 Wolseleyho argumenty a p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1 sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed pohled na toto t\u00e9ma.<\/p>\n\n
Cesta rukopisu na St. John’s College je zahalena tajemstv\u00edm. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee byl sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Lockeov\u00fdch dokument\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly po zma\u0159en\u00e9m Rye House Plot p\u0159ed\u00e1ny jeho p\u0159\u00edteli Edwardu Clarkovi. Clarkova rodina mohla m\u00edt rukopis v dr\u017een\u00ed a\u017e do 20. let 20. stolet\u00ed, kdy byl vydra\u017een.<\/p>\n\n
Objev Lockeova rukopisu je v\u00fdznamnou ud\u00e1lost\u00ed v oblasti Lockeho v\u011bdy. Zpochyb\u0148uje p\u0159edchoz\u00ed p\u0159edpoklady o jeho n\u00e1zorech na n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou toleranci a poskytuje nov\u00e9 poznatky o v\u00fdvoji jeho my\u0161len\u00ed. Rukopis slou\u017e\u00ed jako cenn\u00fd prim\u00e1rn\u00ed zdroj pro pochopen\u00ed p\u016fvodu z\u00e1padn\u00ed liber\u00e1ln\u00ed demokracie.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
John Locke\u016fv ztracen\u00fd rukopis o n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 toleranci Objev nezn\u00e1m\u00e9ho rukopisu P\u0159i pozoruhodn\u00e9m objevu byl na St. John’s College v Marylandu nalezen d\u0159\u00edve nezn\u00e1m\u00fd rukopis proslul\u00e9ho filozofa Johna Locka. Rukopis s…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[98,27,22746,22747,22748],"class_list":["post-17270","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-philosophy","tag-history","tag-john-locke","tag-religious-tolerance","tag-western-liberalism"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17270","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17270"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17270\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17271,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17270\/revisions\/17271"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17270"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17270"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17270"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}