{"id":17350,"date":"2022-03-02T14:39:10","date_gmt":"2022-03-02T14:39:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=17350"},"modified":"2022-03-02T14:39:10","modified_gmt":"2022-03-02T14:39:10","slug":"ancient-skeletons-reveal-genetic-history-of-central-europe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/archaeology\/ancient-skeletons-reveal-genetic-history-of-central-europe\/","title":{"rendered":"Prav\u011bk\u00e9 kostry vypr\u00e1v\u011bj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh evropsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prav\u011bk\u00e9 kostry odhaluj\u00ed genetickou tapis\u00e9rii st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">DNA ze star\u00fdch kost\u00ed vrh\u00e1 sv\u011btlo na evropsk\u00fd p\u016fvod<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u011bdci odemkli genetickou pokladnici ze star\u00fdch koster a odhalili tak slo\u017eitou historii lidsk\u00fdch migrac\u00ed ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b. Anal\u00fdzou mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed DNA, kter\u00e1 se d\u011bd\u00ed z matky na d\u00edt\u011b, sestavili v\u011bdci genetickou \u010dasovou osu sahaj\u00edc\u00ed od 7 500 do 3 500 let.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00edcen\u00e1sobn\u00e9 migrace utv\u00e1\u0159ely genetickou rozmanitost Evropy<\/h2>\n\n<p>Na rozd\u00edl od d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edstav nelze genetickou rozmanitost sou\u010dasn\u00fdch Evropan\u016f p\u0159ipsat jedin\u00e9 migra\u010dn\u00ed ud\u00e1losti. M\u00edsto toho formovalo genetickou skladbu st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy n\u011bkolik vln migrace z r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Neoliti\u010dt\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blci a lovci-sb\u011bra\u010di<\/h2>\n\n<p>K prvn\u00ed velk\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b do\u0161lo kolem roku 5 500 p\u0159. n. l. s p\u0159\u00edchodem neolitick\u00fdch zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f z P\u0159edn\u00edho v\u00fdchodu. Tento p\u0159\u00edliv zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f p\u0159inesl nov\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 postupy a nahradil zp\u016fsob \u017eivota lovc\u016f a sb\u011bra\u010d\u016f, kter\u00fd v regionu p\u0159evl\u00e1dal.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">N\u00e1sledn\u00e9 migrace z v\u00fdchodu a z\u00e1padu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Genetick\u00e1 \u010dasov\u00e1 osa v\u0161ak odhaluje tak\u00e9 n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 migrace jak z v\u00fdchodu (dne\u0161n\u00ed Loty\u0161sko, Litva, \u010cesk\u00e1 republika atd.), tak ze z\u00e1padu (Ibersk\u00fd poloostrov). Tyto migrace p\u0159inesly dal\u0161\u00ed genetick\u00e9 prvky, kter\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k rozmanitosti pozorovan\u00e9 u sou\u010dasn\u00fdch Evropan\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Archeologick\u00e9 d\u016fkazy podporuj\u00ed genetick\u00e9 poznatky<\/h2>\n\n<p>Porovn\u00e1n\u00edm na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed genetick\u00fdch zm\u011bn s archeologick\u00fdmi objevy v\u011bdci spojili genetick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edliv se vznikem nov\u00fdch kulturn\u00edch artefakt\u016f. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee migrace p\u0159inesly nejen nov\u00e9 lidi, ale tak\u00e9 nov\u00e9 technologie a kulturn\u00ed praktiky.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Genetick\u00e1 \u010dasov\u00e1 osa odhaluje vzorce zm\u011bn<\/h2>\n\n<p>Genetick\u00e1 \u010dasov\u00e1 osa vytvo\u0159en\u00e1 v\u011bdci poskytuje podrobnou zpr\u00e1vu o genetick\u00fdch zm\u011bn\u00e1ch v \u010dase. Ukazuje obdob\u00ed stability genetick\u00fdch vzorc\u016f po p\u0159\u00edchodu zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f, n\u00e1sledovan\u00e9 o\u017eiven\u00edm lini\u00ed lovc\u016f-sb\u011bra\u010d\u016f a pot\u00e9 nov\u00fdmi impulsy z v\u00fdchodu i z\u00e1padu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hypot\u00e9za: Kulturn\u00ed artefakty nazna\u010duj\u00ed migrace<\/h2>\n\n<p>Auto\u0159i navrhuj\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edtomnost nov\u00fdch kulturn\u00edch artefakt\u016f v ur\u010dit\u00e9 oblasti nazna\u010duje p\u0159\u00edchod cestovatel\u016f z dalek\u00fdch kon\u010din. P\u0159esto\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f a technologi\u00ed automaticky neznamen\u00e1 genetick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edliv, je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee v d\u00e1vn\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch migrace \u010dasto souvisely se zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00edm nov\u00fdch technik.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Odhalen\u00ed p\u016fvodu evropsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Studie starov\u011bk\u00e9 DNA ze skelet\u016f ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b poskytla neoceniteln\u00e9 poznatky o genetick\u00e9 historii Evropan\u016f. Odhaluje slo\u017eitou tapis\u00e9rii migrac\u00ed a genetick\u00fdch vliv\u016f, kter\u00e9 utv\u00e1\u0159ely rozmanitost, kterou dnes vid\u00edme. Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm v anal\u00fdze starov\u011bk\u00e9 DNA doufaj\u00ed v\u011bdci, \u017ee je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce rozpletou spletitou s\u00ed\u0165 lidsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed poznatky:<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Studie zkoumala velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed vzork\u016f mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed DNA, co\u017e z n\u00ed \u010din\u00ed dosud nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed starov\u011bk\u00e9 DNA.<\/li>\n<li>V\u011bdci se zam\u011b\u0159ili na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed oblast v Sasku-Anhaltsku v N\u011bmecku kv\u016fli velk\u00e9mu mno\u017estv\u00ed dostupn\u00fdch vzork\u016f starov\u011bk\u00fdch koster.<\/li>\n<li>Genetick\u00e1 \u010dasov\u00e1 osa vytvo\u0159en\u00e1 v\u011bdci poskytuje komplexn\u00ed z\u00e1znam genetick\u00fdch zm\u011bn v \u010dase na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b, nikoliv rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd z\u00e1znam z r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Prav\u011bk\u00e9 kostry odhaluj\u00ed genetickou tapis\u00e9rii st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy DNA ze star\u00fdch kost\u00ed vrh\u00e1 sv\u011btlo na evropsk\u00fd p\u016fvod V\u011bdci odemkli genetickou pokladnici ze star\u00fdch koster a odhalili tak slo\u017eitou historii lidsk\u00fdch migrac\u00ed&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[88,22823,2748,189,22824,151,5138,15848,1017,253],"class_list":["post-17350","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-archaeology","tag-central-europe","tag-genetic-diversity","tag-human-ancestry","tag-migrations","tag-neolithic","tag-paleogenetics","tag-population-genetics","tag-ancient-dna","tag-prehistory"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17350","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17350"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17350\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17351,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17350\/revisions\/17351"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17350"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17350"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17350"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}