{"id":17475,"date":"2021-07-20T23:20:00","date_gmt":"2021-07-20T23:20:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=17475"},"modified":"2021-07-20T23:20:00","modified_gmt":"2021-07-20T23:20:00","slug":"berlin-a-city-haunted-by-its-past","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/life\/travel\/berlin-a-city-haunted-by-its-past\/","title":{"rendered":"Berl\u00edn: M\u011bsto stra\u0161en\u00e9 svou minulost\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Berl\u00edn: M\u011bsto stra\u0161en\u00e9 svou minulost\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

St\u00edn berl\u00ednsk\u00e9 zdi<\/h2>\n\n

T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 17 let po p\u00e1du berl\u00ednsk\u00e9 zdi jej\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed nad\u00e1le utv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed identitu m\u011bsta. Ze\u010f, symbol rozd\u011blen\u00ed a \u00fatlaku, kdysi odd\u011blovala v\u00fdchodn\u00ed a z\u00e1padn\u00ed Berl\u00edn po dobu v\u00edce ne\u017e 28 let. Jej\u00ed poz\u016fstatky, roztrou\u0161en\u00e9 po cel\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b, slou\u017e\u00ed jako neust\u00e1l\u00e1 p\u0159ipom\u00ednka minulosti.<\/p>\n\n

Rozd\u011blen\u00e9 m\u011bsto<\/h2>\n\n

Berl\u00ednsk\u00e1 ze\u010f nebyla jen fyzickou p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou; vytvo\u0159ila hlubokou propast mezi ob\u011bma \u010d\u00e1stmi m\u011bsta. V\u00fdchodn\u00ed Berl\u00edn pod komunistickou vl\u00e1dou byl sv\u011btem s\u00e1m pro sebe, daleko od z\u00e1padn\u00edho Berl\u00edna, prosperuj\u00edc\u00ed kapitalistick\u00e9 enkl\u00e1vy.<\/p>\n\n

Dopad zdi byl patrn\u00fd ve v\u0161ech aspektech ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota. Obyvatel\u00e9 v\u00fdchodn\u00edho Berl\u00edna \u010delili nedostatku zbo\u017e\u00ed, omezen\u00e9mu cestov\u00e1n\u00ed a neust\u00e1l\u00e9mu dozoru Stasi, tajn\u00e9 policie. V z\u00e1padn\u00edm Berl\u00edn\u011b byl \u017eivot blahobytn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a svobodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ale st\u00edn zdi v\u017edy \u010d\u00edhal.<\/p>\n\n

P\u00e1d zdi<\/h2>\n\n
    \n
  1. listopadu 1989 padla berl\u00ednsk\u00e1 ze\u010f. Byl to okam\u017eik radosti a osvobozen\u00ed pro Berl\u00ed\u0148any, kte\u0159\u00ed sn\u00e1\u0161eli desetilet\u00ed rozd\u011blen\u00ed. P\u00e1d zdi v\u0161ak p\u0159inesl i nov\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    Znovusjednocen\u00ed a jeho v\u00fdzvy<\/h2>\n\n

    Znovusjednocen\u00ed v\u00fdchodn\u00edho a z\u00e1padn\u00edho Berl\u00edna bylo slo\u017eit\u00fdm a obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fdm procesem. Ob\u011b \u010d\u00e1sti m\u011bsta se vyv\u00edjely odli\u0161n\u011b a jejich obyvatel\u00e9 m\u011bli odli\u0161n\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti a perspektivy.<\/p>\n\n

    Ekonomick\u00e9 rozd\u00edly p\u0159etrv\u00e1valy, s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed nezam\u011bstnanost\u00ed a chudobou ve v\u00fdchodn\u00edm Berl\u00edn\u011b. Objevilo se soci\u00e1ln\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed, kdy\u017e Z\u00e1padon\u011bmci zaujali vedouc\u00ed pozice a vnutili sv\u00e9 hodnoty V\u00fdchodu.<\/p>\n\n

    D\u011bdictv\u00ed zdi<\/h2>\n\n

    Navzdory v\u00fdzv\u00e1m Berl\u00edn od sjednocen\u00ed dos\u00e1hl zna\u010dn\u00e9ho pokroku. M\u011bsto pro\u0161lo pozoruhodnou transformac\u00ed s novou v\u00fdstavbou, kulturn\u00edmi akcemi a prosperuj\u00edc\u00ed um\u011bleckou sc\u00e9nou.<\/p>\n\n

    D\u011bdictv\u00ed zdi v\u0161ak p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1. Fyzick\u00e9 zbytky bari\u00e9ry st\u00e1le existuj\u00ed a psychologick\u00e9 jizvy rozd\u011blen\u00ed jsou hlubok\u00e9. Mnoho Berl\u00ed\u0148an\u016f, zejm\u00e9na t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eili ve v\u00fdchodn\u00edm Berl\u00edn\u011b, poci\u0165uje ztr\u00e1tu a odcizen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

    Kulturn\u00ed rozmanitost<\/h2>\n\n

    Berl\u00ednsk\u00e1 ze\u010f m\u011bla tak\u00e9 paradoxn\u00ed vliv na kulturn\u00ed rozmanitost m\u011bsta. Zat\u00edmco m\u011bsto fyzicky rozd\u011blila, podpo\u0159ila tak\u00e9 odli\u0161n\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed identity ve v\u00fdchodn\u00edm a z\u00e1padn\u00edm Berl\u00edn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

    V\u00fdchodn\u00ed Berl\u00edn rozvinul \u017eivou undergroundovou um\u011bleckou a hudebn\u00ed sc\u00e9nu, zat\u00edmco z\u00e1padn\u00ed Berl\u00edn se stal centrem mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kultury a obchodu. Dnes je Berl\u00edn tavic\u00edm kotlem kultur s lidmi z v\u00edce ne\u017e 180 n\u00e1rodnost\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed ho naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed domovem.<\/p>\n\n

    M\u011bsto protiklad\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

    Berl\u00edn je m\u011bsto protiklad\u016f. Je to prosperuj\u00edc\u00ed metropole s bohatou histori\u00ed a kulturou, ale je to tak\u00e9 m\u011bsto stra\u0161en\u00e9 svou minulost\u00ed. D\u011bdictv\u00ed berl\u00ednsk\u00e9 zdi nad\u00e1le utv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed identitu m\u011bsta a p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 Berl\u00ed\u0148an\u016fm k\u0159ehkost svobody a d\u016fle\u017eitost jednoty.<\/p>\n\n

    Squats a m\u011bstsk\u00e1 obnova<\/h2>\n\n

    V letech po sjednocen\u00ed se opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 budovy a pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 pozemky pod\u00e9l b\u00fdval\u00e9ho P\u00e1sma smrti, p\u00e1sma nikoho mezi v\u00fdchodn\u00edm a z\u00e1padn\u00edm Berl\u00ednem, staly domovem squatersk\u00fdch komunit. Tyto komunity, \u010dasto tvo\u0159en\u00e9 um\u011blci a aktivisty, si vytvo\u0159ily sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00e9 prostory a p\u0159isp\u011bly k ji\u017e tak \u017eiv\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed krajin\u011b m\u011bsta.<\/p>\n\n

    Jak se v\u0161ak berl\u00ednsk\u00e1 ekonomika zotavovala a m\u011bsto proch\u00e1zelo stavebn\u00edm boomem, tyto squatersk\u00e9 komunity \u010delily vyst\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00ed a vys\u00eddlen\u00ed. Projekty m\u011bstsk\u00e9 obnovy, poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 touhou modernizovat m\u011bsto, \u010dasto up\u0159ednost\u0148ovaly rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 developersk\u00e9 projekty p\u0159ed zachov\u00e1n\u00edm t\u011bchto alternativn\u00edch obytn\u00fdch prostor.<\/p>\n\n

    Boj o identitu<\/h2>\n\n

    Berl\u00ednsk\u00e1 identita po sjednocen\u00ed se st\u00e1le vyv\u00edj\u00ed. M\u011bsto z\u00e1pas\u00ed s v\u00fdzvou skloubit svou minulost se svou sou\u010dasnost\u00ed. Jak m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ijmout svou historii, ani\u017e by j\u00ed byla definov\u00e1na? Jak m\u016f\u017ee vytvo\u0159it pocit jednoty a z\u00e1rove\u0148 uznat rozmanitost sv\u00e9 populace?<\/p>\n\n

    To jsou ot\u00e1zky, na kter\u00e9 Berl\u00ed\u0148an\u00e9 st\u00e1le hledaj\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f. Jedine\u010dn\u00e1 historie m\u011bsta a jeho postaven\u00ed k\u0159i\u017eovatky mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kultury z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed mikrosv\u011bt v\u00fdzev a p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed, kter\u00fdm dnes \u010del\u00ed Evropa a sv\u011bt.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Berl\u00edn: M\u011bsto stra\u0161en\u00e9 svou minulost\u00ed St\u00edn berl\u00ednsk\u00e9 zdi T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 17 let po p\u00e1du berl\u00ednsk\u00e9 zdi jej\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed nad\u00e1le utv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed identitu m\u011bsta. Ze\u010f, symbol rozd\u011blen\u00ed a \u00fatlaku, kdysi odd\u011blovala v\u00fdchodn\u00ed a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[322],"tags":[297,19954,27,540,63,22977,9],"class_list":["post-17475","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-travel","tag-architecture","tag-berlin","tag-history","tag-identity","tag-culture","tag-contradictions","tag-art"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17475","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17475"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17475\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17476,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17475\/revisions\/17476"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17475"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17475"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17475"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}