{"id":1749,"date":"2023-08-09T02:03:03","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T02:03:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=1749"},"modified":"2023-08-09T02:03:03","modified_gmt":"2023-08-09T02:03:03","slug":"white-nose-syndrome-devastating-threat-to-bat-populations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/life-sciences\/white-nose-syndrome-devastating-threat-to-bat-populations\/","title":{"rendered":"Syndrom b\u00edl\u00e9ho nosu: Ni\u010div\u00e1 hrozba pro netop\u00fdry a n\u00e1\u0161 sv\u011bt"},"content":{"rendered":"

Syndrom b\u00edl\u00e9ho nosu: Zni\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed hrozba pro kolonie netop\u00fdr\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

\u00davod<\/h2>\n\n

Syndrom b\u00edl\u00e9ho nosu (SBN) je smrteln\u00e1 pl\u00eds\u0148ov\u00e1 infekce, kter\u00e1 od sv\u00e9ho objeven\u00ed v roce 2007 zdecimovala populace netop\u00fdr\u016f v Severn\u00ed Americe. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 ni\u010div\u00fdmi \u00fa\u010dinky SBN, nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdmi poznatky a potenci\u00e1ln\u00edmi d\u016fsledky pro netop\u00fdry i lidi.<\/p>\n\n

\u00da\u010dinky syndromu b\u00edl\u00e9ho nosu na hibernaci netop\u00fdr\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

SBN je zp\u016fsoben houbou Pseudogymnoascus destructans, kter\u00e1 infikuje netop\u00fdry b\u011bhem hibernace. Houba naru\u0161uje metabolismus netop\u00fdr\u016f, co\u017e zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee spot\u0159ebuj\u00ed dvakr\u00e1t tolik energie jako zdrav\u00ed netop\u00fd\u0159i. Tato nadm\u011brn\u00e1 spot\u0159eba energie vy\u010derp\u00e1v\u00e1 jejich tukov\u00e9 z\u00e1soby, co\u017e \u010dasto vede k jejich smrti je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edchodem jara.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdzkum p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed netop\u00fdr\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Navzdory pochmurn\u00e9 bilanci, kterou m\u011bl SBN na populace netop\u00fdr\u016f, nab\u00edzej\u00ed nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkumy z\u00e1blesk nad\u011bje. V\u011bdci identifikovali genetick\u00e9 mechanismy, kter\u00e9 mohou p\u0159isp\u00edvat k odolnosti netop\u00fdr\u016f v\u016f\u010di t\u00e9to houb\u011b. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci nav\u00edc zkoumaj\u00ed strategie, jak zm\u00edrnit \u00fa\u010dinky SBN na hibernaci netop\u00fdr\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad poskytov\u00e1n\u00edm um\u011bl\u00fdch \u00fakryt\u016f s teplej\u0161\u00edmi teplotami.<\/p>\n\n

D\u016fsledky pro lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Netop\u00fd\u0159i hraj\u00ed v na\u0161em ekosyst\u00e9mu z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli t\u00edm, \u017ee kontroluj\u00ed populace hmyzu. Jejich \u00fabytek zp\u016fsoben\u00fd SBN v\u0161ak vzbudil obavy ohledn\u011b mo\u017en\u00e9ho dopadu na lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed. Je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee netop\u00fd\u0159i jsou nositeli vir\u016f, kter\u00e9 se mohou p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et na \u010dlov\u011bka, jako je Ebola a SARS. Pochopen\u00ed biologie a imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu netop\u00fdr\u016f by mohlo poskytnout cenn\u00e9 poznatky pro prevenci budouc\u00edch zoon\u00f3zn\u00edch ohnisek.<\/p>\n\n

Biologie netop\u00fdr\u016f a p\u0159enos nemoc\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Netop\u00fd\u0159i maj\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00e9 biologick\u00e9 vlastnosti, kter\u00e9 je \u010din\u00ed nepostradateln\u00fdmi pro l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fd v\u00fdzkum. Jejich specializovan\u00e9 mozkov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k jejich schopnostem navigace, zat\u00edmco jejich p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b dlouh\u00fd \u017eivot a odolnost v\u016f\u010di mnoha vir\u016fm nab\u00edzej\u00ed zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pro studium lidsk\u00fdch nemoc\u00ed, jako je cukrovka, srde\u010dn\u00ed choroby a dokonce i rakovina.<\/p>\n\n

Oprava DNA a mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e1 dlouhov\u011bkost<\/h2>\n\n

Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 anal\u00fdza genom\u016f netop\u00fdr\u016f odhalila velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed gen\u016f zapojen\u00fdch do opravy DNA. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee netop\u00fd\u0159i mohli vyvinout vylep\u0161en\u00e9 mechanismy k boji proti oxida\u010dn\u00edmu stresu spojen\u00e9mu s jejich energeticky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdm letem. Tato schopnost opravy po\u0161kozen\u00ed DNA m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159isp\u00edvat k jejich mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 dlouhov\u011bkosti a odolnosti v\u016f\u010di rakovin\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

Boj proti syndromu b\u00edl\u00e9ho nosu<\/h2>\n\n

Navzdory pokroku v porozum\u011bn\u00ed SBN a jeho \u00fa\u010dink\u016f zb\u00fdv\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b mnoho pr\u00e1ce. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci a ochr\u00e1nci p\u0159\u00edrody aktivn\u011b hledaj\u00ed zp\u016fsoby, jak bojovat proti syndromu b\u00edl\u00e9ho nosu a chr\u00e1nit populace netop\u00fdr\u016f. Pro p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed t\u011bchto \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch tvor\u016f jsou nezbytn\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed v\u011bdc\u016f, agentur pro ochranu divok\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrody a ve\u0159ejnosti.<\/p>\n\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n

Syndrom b\u00edl\u00e9ho nosu p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdznamnou hrozbu pro kolonie netop\u00fdr\u016f s dalekos\u00e1hl\u00fdmi d\u016fsledky jak pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, tak pro lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed. Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 poznatky v\u0161ak p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed nad\u011bji do budoucna. T\u00edm, \u017ee odhal\u00edme tajemstv\u00ed biologie netop\u00fdr\u016f a vyvineme \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 strategie pro zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed SBN, m\u016f\u017eeme ochr\u00e1nit tyto fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed tvory a kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli, kterou hraj\u00ed v na\u0161em sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Syndrom b\u00edl\u00e9ho nosu: Zni\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed hrozba pro kolonie netop\u00fdr\u016f \u00davod Syndrom b\u00edl\u00e9ho nosu (SBN) je smrteln\u00e1 pl\u00eds\u0148ov\u00e1 infekce, kter\u00e1 od sv\u00e9ho objeven\u00ed v roce 2007 zdecimovala populace netop\u00fdr\u016f v Severn\u00ed Americe.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[762],"tags":[3161,605,3793,3791,3792],"class_list":["post-1749","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-life-sciences","tag-bats","tag-wildlife-conservation","tag-dna-repair","tag-white-nose-syndrome","tag-zoonotic-diseases"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1749","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1749"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1749\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1750,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1749\/revisions\/1750"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1749"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1749"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1749"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}