V oblasti historick\u00e9 kartografie zaujal ned\u00e1vno pozornost badatel\u016f z\u00e1hadn\u00fd dokument z 15. stolet\u00ed. Tato nedatovan\u00e1 mapa, kter\u00e1 vznikla pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b kolem roku 1491, byla dlouho p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017eena kv\u016fli vybledl\u00e9mu textu, kter\u00fd zakr\u00fdval jej\u00ed obsah. D\u00edky pokro\u010dil\u00fdm zobrazovac\u00edm technik\u00e1m jsou v\u0161ak nyn\u00ed odhalov\u00e1na tajemstv\u00ed mapy.<\/p>\n\n
Mapa obsahuje zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 stopy, kter\u00e9 nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee ji mohl Kry\u0161tof Kolumbus konzultovat p\u0159ed svou pam\u00e1tnou plavbou v roce 1492. Text odkazuje na knihu vydanou v roce 1491 a zobrazen\u00ed Asie, Afriky a Evropy na map\u011b se shoduje s Kolumbov\u00fdm p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00edm, \u017ee byl bl\u00edzko Japonsku, kdy\u017e p\u0159ist\u00e1l na Baham\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n
Tv\u016frce mapy, Henricus Martellus, N\u011bmec p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed ve Florencii, vych\u00e1zel z projekc\u00ed starov\u011bk\u00e9ho \u0159eck\u00e9ho geografa Klaudia Ptolemaia. Martellus v\u0161ak zahrnul i nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed objevy, v\u010detn\u011b podrobnost\u00ed z cest Marca Pola a portugalsk\u00fdch expedic kolem mysu Dobr\u00e9 nad\u011bje.<\/p>\n\n
Komplexn\u00ed anal\u00fdza mapy, kterou provedl nez\u00e1visl\u00fd historik Chet Van Duzer, odhalila stovky m\u00edstn\u00edch jmen a 60 p\u00edsemn\u00fdch pas\u00e1\u017e\u00ed, co\u017e poskytuje nov\u00fd pohled na renesan\u010dn\u00ed kartografii. “Je to chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek v na\u0161em ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00e9ho vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta,” \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Van Duzer.<\/p>\n\n
K rozlu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vybledl\u00e9ho textu pou\u017eili v\u011bdci pokro\u010dil\u00e9 zobrazovac\u00ed techniky a fotografovali mapu pod 12 r\u016fzn\u00fdmi frekvencemi sv\u011btla, od ultrafialov\u00e9ho po infra\u010derven\u00e9. Tyto techniky v kombinaci se softwarem pro vrstven\u00ed poskytly pot\u0159ebnou jasnost k odhalen\u00ed skryt\u00e9ho textu.<\/p>\n\n
Van Duzer a jeho t\u00fdm zjistili, \u017ee Martellus p\u0159i tvorb\u011b mapy hojn\u011b \u010derpal z r\u016fzn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f. Text o Japonsku nap\u0159\u00edklad vych\u00e1zel z informac\u00ed z cestopis\u016f Marca Pola. Krom\u011b toho byly popisy r\u016fzn\u00fdch geografick\u00fdch prvk\u016f na map\u011b ovlivn\u011bny spisy svat\u00e9ho Isidora ze Sevilly.<\/p>\n\n
Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee slavn\u00e1 Waldseem\u00fcllerova mapa, vydan\u00e1 v roce 1507, kter\u00e1 poprv\u00e9 zobrazila Ameriku, byla siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bna Martellov\u00fdm d\u00edlem. Toto spojen\u00ed podtrhuje v\u00fdznam Martellovy mapy ve v\u00fdvoji ran\u011b novov\u011bk\u00e9 kartografie.<\/p>\n\n
Nov\u011b rozlu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd text na map\u011b z 15. stolet\u00ed poskytuje cenn\u00e9 okno do geografick\u00fdch znalost\u00ed a p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed pozdn\u00edho st\u0159edov\u011bku. Osv\u011btluje myln\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy a nejistoty, kter\u00e9 existovaly p\u0159ed evropsk\u00fdm objeven\u00edm Ameriky, a nab\u00edz\u00ed vhled do intelektu\u00e1ln\u00edch proud\u016f, kter\u00e9 formovaly \u00e9ru objev\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Vedla tato mapa Kolumba? Z\u00e1hadn\u00fd dokument z 15. stolet\u00ed rozlu\u0161t\u011bn V oblasti historick\u00e9 kartografie zaujal ned\u00e1vno pozornost badatel\u016f z\u00e1hadn\u00fd dokument z 15. stolet\u00ed. Tato nedatovan\u00e1 mapa, kter\u00e1 vznikla pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b kolem…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":25139,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[23011,19660,23013,23012,564,1681],"class_list":["post-17506","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history-of-science","tag-15th-century-map","tag-christopher-columbus","tag-henricus-martellus","tag-historical-cartography","tag-exploration","tag-renaissance-cartography"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17506","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17506"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17506\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25140,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17506\/revisions\/25140"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25139"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17506"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17506"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17506"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}