Afri\u010dt\u00ed \u017elut\u00ed netop\u00fd\u0159i dom\u016f, mal\u00ed hmyzo\u017erav\u00ed tvorov\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00ed sv\u00fdmi na\u010dechran\u00fdmi \u017elut\u00fdmi b\u0159\u00ed\u0161ky, jsou roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159enou a r\u016fznorodou skupinou netop\u00fdr\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se vyskytuj\u00ed v cel\u00e9 subsaharsk\u00e9 Africe. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 genetick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza 100 netop\u00fdr\u016f v Keni v\u0161ak odhalila existenci dvou d\u0159\u00edve nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch druh\u016f, co\u017e zd\u016fraz\u0148uje v\u00fdzvy a d\u016fle\u017eitost taxonomick\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu pro pochopen\u00ed a zachov\u00e1n\u00ed rozmanitosti netop\u00fdr\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Netop\u00fd\u0159i se kv\u016fli sv\u00fdm odlehl\u00fdm stanovi\u0161t\u00edm a potenci\u00e1lu p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et nemoci, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 pro \u010dlov\u011bka, obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b studuj\u00ed. Mnoho druh\u016f netop\u00fdr\u016f nav\u00edc vykazuje jemn\u00e9 fyzick\u00e9 rozd\u00edly, co\u017e zt\u011b\u017euje jejich rozli\u0161en\u00ed pouze na z\u00e1klad\u011b morfologie.<\/p>\n\n
Afri\u010dt\u00ed \u017elut\u00ed netop\u00fd\u0159i dom\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se \u010dasto vyskytuj\u00ed v m\u011bstsk\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00edch, nejsou v\u00fdjimkou z t\u011bchto v\u00fdzev. Jejich skryt\u00e1 povaha a nedostatek jasn\u00fdch diagnostick\u00fdch znak\u016f vedly ke zmatku a nekonzistenc\u00edm v jejich klasifikaci.<\/p>\n\n
Aby se t\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f veden\u00fd Terrym Demosem z Field Museum v Chicagu vypo\u0159\u00e1dal se sou\u010dasn\u00fdmi taxonomick\u00fdmi nejistotami ohledn\u011b africk\u00fdch \u017elut\u00fdch netop\u00fdr\u016f dom\u016f, provedl genetickou anal\u00fdzu 100 netop\u00fdr\u016f shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch v Keni. T\u00fdm porovnal sekvence DNA z ko\u017en\u00edch vzork\u016f a pomoc\u00ed online genetick\u00e9 datab\u00e1ze vytvo\u0159il rodokmen netop\u00fdr\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Genetick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza odhalila dv\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 linie, kter\u00e9 nebyly d\u0159\u00edve rozpozn\u00e1ny. Tyto linie p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed dva nov\u00e9 druhy africk\u00fdch \u017elut\u00fdch netop\u00fdr\u016f dom\u016f, kter\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci nyn\u00ed pracuj\u00ed na tom, aby je form\u00e1ln\u011b popsali a pojmenovali.<\/p>\n\n
Objev t\u011bchto nov\u00fdch druh\u016f zd\u016fraz\u0148uje v\u00fdznam taxonomick\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu pro pochopen\u00ed a zachov\u00e1n\u00ed rozmanitosti netop\u00fdr\u016f. P\u0159esn\u00e1 klasifikace je nezbytn\u00e1 pro \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed, proto\u017ee umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u011bdc\u016fm identifikovat a prioritizovat druhy, kter\u00fdm hroz\u00ed vyhynut\u00ed. Taxonomick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum m\u016f\u017ee nav\u00edc osv\u011btlit evolu\u010dn\u00ed vztahy a odhalit skryt\u00e9 kapitoly evoluce, jak dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 objev t\u011bchto nov\u00fdch druh\u016f netop\u00fdr\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Objev t\u011bchto nov\u00fdch druh\u016f m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro ochranu africk\u00fdch \u017elut\u00fdch netop\u00fdr\u016f dom\u016f. Pochopen\u00edm genetick\u00e9 rozmanitosti a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed t\u011bchto netop\u00fdr\u016f mohou v\u011bdci l\u00e9pe posoudit jejich zranitelnost v\u016f\u010di hrozb\u00e1m, jako je ztr\u00e1ta p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a zm\u011bna klimatu. Identifikace nov\u00fdch druh\u016f nav\u00edc m\u016f\u017ee pomoci zv\u00fd\u0161it pov\u011bdom\u00ed o v\u00fdznamu ochrany netop\u00fdr\u016f a o pot\u0159eb\u011b chr\u00e1nit jejich stanovi\u0161t\u011b.<\/p>\n\n
Objev dvou nov\u00fdch druh\u016f africk\u00fdch \u017elut\u00fdch netop\u00fdr\u016f dom\u016f v Keni zd\u016fraz\u0148uje v\u00fdzvy a d\u016fle\u017eitost taxonomick\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu pro pochopen\u00ed a zachov\u00e1n\u00ed rozmanitosti netop\u00fdr\u016f. Genetick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza je mocn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee odhalit skrytou rozmanitost a poskytnout cenn\u00e9 poznatky o evolu\u010dn\u00ed historii a ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch pot\u0159eb\u00e1ch t\u011bchto fascinuj\u00edc\u00edch tvor\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Afri\u010dt\u00ed \u017elut\u00ed netop\u00fd\u0159i dom\u016f: V Keni objeveny dva nov\u00e9 druhy Genetick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza odhaluje skrytou rozmanitost Afri\u010dt\u00ed \u017elut\u00ed netop\u00fd\u0159i dom\u016f, mal\u00ed hmyzo\u017erav\u00ed tvorov\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00ed sv\u00fdmi na\u010dechran\u00fdmi \u017elut\u00fdmi b\u0159\u00ed\u0161ky, jsou roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159enou a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23794,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[23031,395,2044,488,2331,401,2727],"class_list":["post-17524","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zoology","tag-african-yellow-house-bats","tag-biodiversity","tag-genetic-analysis","tag-kenya","tag-new-species","tag-conservation","tag-taxonomy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17524","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17524"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17524\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17525,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17524\/revisions\/17525"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23794"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17524"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17524"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17524"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}