{"id":17534,"date":"2022-11-27T17:47:46","date_gmt":"2022-11-27T17:47:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=17534"},"modified":"2022-11-27T17:47:46","modified_gmt":"2022-11-27T17:47:46","slug":"gail-borden-the-inventor-of-condensed-milk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/food-science\/gail-borden-the-inventor-of-condensed-milk\/","title":{"rendered":"Gail Borden: Vyn\u00e1lezce kondenzovan\u00e9ho ml\u00e9ka"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gail Borden: Vyn\u00e1lezce kondenzovan\u00e9ho ml\u00e9ka<\/h2>\n\n

Ran\u00fd \u017eivot a vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Gail Borden se narodil v roce 1801 v Norwich ve st\u00e1t\u011b New York. M\u011bl jen m\u00e1lo form\u00e1ln\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed a \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u011bdeck\u00e9 znalosti. Byl v\u0161ak posedl\u00fd neutuchaj\u00edc\u00ed zv\u011bdavost\u00ed a v\u00e1\u0161n\u00ed pro zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota.<\/p>\n\n

Probl\u00e9m s kazen\u00edm ml\u00e9ka<\/h2>\n\n

V polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed bylo ml\u00e9ko cennou, ale rychle se kaz\u00edc\u00ed potravinou. Dalo se udr\u017eet \u010derstv\u00e9 jen n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed, co\u017e komplikovalo jeho p\u0159epravu a distribuci. To bylo zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 problematick\u00e9 ve venkovsk\u00fdch oblastech a b\u011bhem vojensk\u00fdch ta\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Borden\u016fv eureka moment<\/h2>\n\n

V roce 1851 se Borden vr\u00e1til z cesty do Anglie zdrcen\u00fd pohledem na d\u011bti um\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed na lodi kv\u016fli nedostatku \u010derstv\u00e9ho ml\u00e9ka. Tato ud\u00e1lost v n\u011bm za\u017eehla odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed naj\u00edt zp\u016fsob, jak ml\u00e9ko konzervovat.<\/p>\n\n

Vyn\u00e1lez kondenzovan\u00e9ho ml\u00e9ka<\/h2>\n\n

Borden si uv\u011bdomil, \u017ee ml\u00e9ko lze konzervovat odstran\u011bn\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161iny jeho vodn\u00edho obsahu. Experimentoval s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi metodami a nakonec vyvinul vakuovou p\u00e1nev, kter\u00e1 mu umo\u017enila odpa\u0159ovat ml\u00e9ko pomalu a rovnom\u011brn\u011b, ani\u017e by ho sp\u00e1lil. V\u00fdsledkem bylo kondenzovan\u00e9 ml\u00e9ko, koncentrovan\u00e1 forma ml\u00e9ka, kterou bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 bezpe\u010dn\u011b skladovat po cel\u00e9 m\u011bs\u00edce.<\/p>\n\n

Zrozen\u00ed ml\u00e9k\u00e1rensk\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu<\/h2>\n\n

V roce 1856 z\u00edskal Borden patent na sv\u016fj postup v\u00fdroby kondenzovan\u00e9ho ml\u00e9ka. Tento vyn\u00e1lez zp\u016fsobil revoluci v ml\u00e9k\u00e1rensk\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu. Poprv\u00e9 bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159epravovat ml\u00e9ko na velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti a skladovat ho bez chlazen\u00ed. To umo\u017enilo z\u00e1sobovat \u010derstv\u00fdm ml\u00e9kem m\u011bstsk\u00e9 oblasti a vojensk\u00e9 t\u00e1bory.<\/p>\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed vyn\u00e1lezy Gailena Bordena<\/h2>\n\n

A\u010dkoliv bylo kondenzovan\u00e9 ml\u00e9ko Bordenov\u00fdm nej\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00edm vyn\u00e1lezem, experimentoval tak\u00e9 s \u0159adou dal\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1pad\u016f. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z t\u011bchto vyn\u00e1lez\u016f, jako jeho stroj terraqueous a masov\u00e9 su\u0161enky, byly komer\u010dn\u00edmi propad\u00e1ky. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b jin\u00e9, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad koncentrovan\u00fd jable\u010dn\u00fd mo\u0161t a ostru\u017einov\u00e1 \u0161\u0165\u00e1va, m\u011bly ur\u010dit\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bch.<\/p>\n\n

Odkaz a dopad<\/h2>\n\n

Gail Borden zem\u0159el v roce 1874, obdivov\u00e1n a respektov\u00e1n pro sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky ke konzervaci potravin a ml\u00e9k\u00e1rensk\u00e9mu pr\u016fmyslu. Spole\u010dnost Borden Family of Companies, pojmenovan\u00e1 po n\u011bm, p\u016fsob\u00ed dodnes a prod\u00e1v\u00e1 \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu v\u00fdrobk\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b chemik\u00e1li\u00ed, lepidel, dom\u00e1c\u00edch pot\u0159eb a balen\u00fdch potravin.<\/p>\n\n

Bordenovo kondenzovan\u00e9 ml\u00e9ko<\/h2>\n\n

Kondenzovan\u00e9 ml\u00e9ko je hust\u00e1, sladk\u00e1 tekutina, kter\u00e1 se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed odstran\u011bn\u00edm p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 60 % vody z \u010derstv\u00e9ho ml\u00e9ka. Je to v\u0161estrann\u00e1 ingredience, kterou lze pou\u017e\u00edt v r\u016fzn\u00fdch receptech, v\u010detn\u011b dezert\u016f, pe\u010diva a om\u00e1\u010dek. Kondenzovan\u00e9 ml\u00e9ko je tak\u00e9 cenn\u00fdm zdrojem potravy v rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00edch, kde nen\u00ed chlazen\u00ed v\u017edy k dispozici.<\/p>\n\n

Hygienick\u00e9 zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s ml\u00e9kem<\/h2>\n\n

Borden si uv\u011bdomoval d\u016fle\u017eitost hygienick\u00fdch postup\u016f p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b ml\u00e9ka. Trval na tom, aby farm\u00e1\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed dod\u00e1vali ml\u00e9ko do jeho tov\u00e1ren, dodr\u017eovali p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 pokyny, aby byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna \u010distota jejich ml\u00e9ka. To pomohlo zabr\u00e1nit \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nemoc\u00ed a zlep\u0161it kvalitu kondenzovan\u00e9ho ml\u00e9ka.<\/p>\n\n

Kondenzovan\u00e9 ml\u00e9ko v ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lce<\/h2>\n\n

B\u011bhem americk\u00e9 ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky se kondenzovan\u00e9 ml\u00e9ko stalo d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed p\u0159\u00edd\u011bl\u016f pro voj\u00e1ky Unie. Bylo snadn\u00e9 ho p\u0159epravovat a skladovat a poskytovalo cenn\u00fd zdroj \u017eivin. Kondenzovan\u00e9 ml\u00e9ko hr\u00e1lo tak\u00e9 roli v boji proti \u00faplavici, b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 nemoci mezi voj\u00e1ky.<\/p>\n\n

Ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 vyn\u00e1lezy Bordena<\/h2>\n\n

Ne v\u0161echny Bordenovy vyn\u00e1lezy byly \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9. Jeho stroj terraqueous, kombinace vozu a plachetnice, byl komick\u00fdm propad\u00e1kem. Jeho masov\u00e9 su\u0161enky byly nechutn\u00e9 a zp\u016fsobovaly za\u017e\u00edvac\u00ed probl\u00e9my. Navzdory t\u011bmto ne\u00fasp\u011bch\u016fm z\u016fstal Borden optimistou a pokra\u010doval v rozv\u00edjen\u00ed sv\u00e9ho vynal\u00e9zav\u00e9ho ducha.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gail Borden: Vyn\u00e1lezce kondenzovan\u00e9ho ml\u00e9ka Ran\u00fd \u017eivot a vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed Gail Borden se narodil v roce 1801 v Norwich ve st\u00e1t\u011b New York. M\u011bl jen m\u00e1lo form\u00e1ln\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed a \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u011bdeck\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[628],"tags":[4540,23038,4541,7298,97,4544],"class_list":["post-17534","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-food-science","tag-gail-borden","tag-dairy-industry","tag-condensed-milk","tag-food-preservation","tag-science","tag-invention"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17534","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17534"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17534\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17535,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17534\/revisions\/17535"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17534"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17534"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17534"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}