{"id":17552,"date":"2019-04-05T02:17:24","date_gmt":"2019-04-05T02:17:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=17552"},"modified":"2019-04-05T02:17:24","modified_gmt":"2019-04-05T02:17:24","slug":"barbary-macaques-deforestation-atlas-mountains","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/ecology-and-conservation\/barbary-macaques-deforestation-atlas-mountains\/","title":{"rendered":"Makakov\u00e9 magot uv\u011bzn\u011bni v k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9 palb\u011b odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed v Maroku"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Makakov\u00e9 magot: Uv\u011bzn\u011bni v k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9 palb\u011b odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed v Maroku<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Atlas: \u017divotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd ekosyst\u00e9m<\/h2>\n\n<p>Marock\u00e9 lesy, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v poho\u0159\u00ed Atlas, hraj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u0159ehk\u00e9 rovnov\u00e1hy ekosyst\u00e9mu regionu. Tyto lesy zachyt\u00e1vaj\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eky a dopl\u0148uj\u00ed podzemn\u00ed zdroje vody, kter\u00e9 z\u00e1sobuj\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a lidskou populaci. Lesy jsou v\u0161ak pod oble\u017een\u00edm a stromy v nich odum\u00edraj\u00ed alarmuj\u00edc\u00edm tempem kv\u016fli komplexn\u00edm faktor\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Makakov\u00e9 magot: Zraniteln\u00fd druh<\/h2>\n\n<p>V sam\u00e9m st\u0159edu ekologick\u00e9ho dramatu, kter\u00e9 se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 v poho\u0159\u00ed Atlas, se objevil makak magot (Macaca sylvanus) jako \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed postava. Tento st\u0159edn\u011b velk\u00fd prim\u00e1t, kter\u00fd se vyskytuje pouze v Maroku, Al\u017e\u00edrsku a Gibraltaru, je zn\u00e1m\u00fd sv\u00fdm v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm vzhledem bez ocasu. P\u0159esto\u017ee byl druh Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed uni\u00ed pro ochranu p\u0159\u00edrody (IUCN) klasifikov\u00e1n jako zraniteln\u00fd, jsou makakov\u00e9 magot obvi\u0148ov\u00e1ni z toho, \u017ee p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k \u00fapadku lesa St\u0159edn\u00edho Atlasu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed: Komplexn\u00ed probl\u00e9m<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u00dabytek les\u016f v poho\u0159\u00ed Atlas je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1n cel\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b faktor\u016f, mezi n\u011b\u017e pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>T\u011b\u017eba d\u0159eva:<\/strong> K\u00e1cen\u00ed strom\u016f pro d\u0159evo a jin\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely sn\u00ed\u017eilo lesn\u00ed pokryv.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Parazitick\u00e9 n\u00e1kazy:<\/strong> \u0160k\u016fdci a nemoci oslabily stromy a u\u010dinily je n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi k z\u00e1niku.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Suchem zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 choroby strom\u016f:<\/strong> Dlouhotrvaj\u00edc\u00ed sucha stromy stresuj\u00ed a zhor\u0161uj\u00ed dopady nemoc\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nadm\u011brn\u00e1 pastva:<\/strong> St\u00e1da koz a ovc\u00ed sp\u00e1saj\u00ed vegetaci, v\u010detn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00fdch rostlin, kter\u00e9 chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdu a podporuj\u00ed obnovu les\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Produkce d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9ho uhl\u00ed:<\/strong> T\u011b\u017eba dub\u016f pro d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 uhl\u00ed d\u00e1le p\u0159isp\u011bla k odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Berbe\u0159t\u00ed pastevci a jejich dopad<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pasteveck\u00e9 praktiky berbersk\u00fdch pastevc\u016f sehr\u00e1ly v\u00fdznamnou roli v degradaci les\u016f v poho\u0159\u00ed Atlas. P\u0159es 1,5 milionu pasouc\u00edch se ovc\u00ed a koz odlesnilo vegetaci a n\u00edzk\u00e9 rostliny, co\u017e ohro\u017euje obnovu les\u016f. Pastevci tak\u00e9 od\u0159ezali n\u00edzk\u00e9 v\u011btve na krmivo a palivo, co\u017e d\u00e1le p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Role makak\u016f: Fakta a fikce<\/h2>\n\n<p>Svalovat vinu za \u00fapadek les\u016f v poho\u0159\u00ed Atlas na makaky magot je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00e9 zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed. Italsk\u00fd primatolog Andrea Camperio Ciani tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee makakov\u00e9 jsou pouze ob\u011b\u0165mi um\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edho lesa, nikoli jeho p\u016fvodci. Nedostatek vody a potravy vedl k poklesu populace makak\u016f a zoufal\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, jako je loup\u00e1n\u00ed k\u016fry, jsou reakc\u00ed na tyto environment\u00e1ln\u00ed tlaky.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed pro udr\u017eitelnou budoucnost<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed komplexn\u00edho probl\u00e9mu odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed v poho\u0159\u00ed Atlas vy\u017eaduje v\u00edcestrann\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b berbersk\u00fdch pastevc\u016f:<\/strong> Zlep\u0161en\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 pohody berbersk\u00fdch pastevc\u016f m\u016f\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017eit jejich z\u00e1vislost na neudr\u017eiteln\u00fdch praktik\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed pov\u011bdom\u00ed o odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/strong> Vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00edch komunit o d\u016fsledc\u00edch odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro podporu spr\u00e1vy lesn\u00edch zdroj\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Podpora ekoturistiky:<\/strong> Podpora udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 turistiky m\u016f\u017ee poskytnout alternativn\u00ed zdroje p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f pro berbersk\u00e9 komunity a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zachovat p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed kr\u00e1su poho\u0159\u00ed Atlas.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Omezen\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch investic do ovc\u00ed:<\/strong> Omezen\u00ed po\u010dtu ovc\u00ed vlastn\u011bn\u00fdch nep\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdmi investory m\u016f\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017eit nadm\u011brn\u00e9 sp\u00e1s\u00e1n\u00ed a jeho negativn\u00ed dopad na lesy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ochrana makak\u016f:<\/strong> Uzn\u00e1n\u00ed zraniteln\u00e9ho postaven\u00ed makak\u016f magot a zaveden\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na ochranu jejich p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro udr\u017een\u00ed biologick\u00e9 rozmanitosti v regionu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Spolupr\u00e1ce pro z\u00e1\u0159iv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed budoucnost<\/h2>\n\n<p>Spolupr\u00e1ce mezi v\u011bdci, tv\u016frci politik a m\u00edstn\u00edmi komunitami je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 pro nalezen\u00ed udr\u017eiteln\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdzev, kter\u00fdm \u010del\u00ed lesy v poho\u0159\u00ed Atlas. Spole\u010dnou prac\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme zajistit zachov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9ho ekosyst\u00e9mu a pohodu lid\u00ed a divok\u00e9 zv\u011b\u0159e, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou na n\u011bm z\u00e1visl\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Makakov\u00e9 magot: Uv\u011bzn\u011bni v k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9 palb\u011b odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed v Maroku Atlas: \u017divotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd ekosyst\u00e9m Marock\u00e9 lesy, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v poho\u0159\u00ed Atlas, hraj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u0159ehk\u00e9 rovnov\u00e1hy ekosyst\u00e9mu regionu.&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1142],"tags":[23058,23057,395,36,219,3039,401,876],"class_list":["post-17552","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ecology-and-conservation","tag-atlas-mountains","tag-barbary-macaque","tag-biodiversity","tag-environmental-science","tag-ecology","tag-morocco","tag-conservation","tag-deforestation"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17552","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17552"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17552\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17553,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17552\/revisions\/17553"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17552"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17552"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17552"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}