V bou\u0159liv\u00fdch letech americk\u00e9 revoluce se objevila ro\u0161\u0165\u00e1ck\u00e1 postava politick\u00e9 karikatury, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla zt\u011bles\u0148ovat ducha mlad\u00e9ho a vzpurn\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda: Bratr Jonathan. Bratr Jonathan, inspirovan\u00fd Jonathanem Trumbullem, bl\u00edzk\u00fdm poradcem George Washingtona, se stal v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdm maskotem symbolizuj\u00edc\u00edm odbojnost a energii nov\u011b vznikl\u00fdch Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Bratr Jonathan, od\u011bn\u00fd v koloni\u00e1ln\u00edm klobouku a s \u0161ibalsk\u00fdm \u00fa\u0161klebkem, m\u00e1val d\u017eb\u00e1nem hru\u0161kovice, zat\u00edmco v politick\u00fdch karikatur\u00e1ch \u00fato\u010dil na britsk\u00e9 \u010derven\u00e9 kab\u00e1ty. Jeho drz\u00e9 a mladistv\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed odr\u00e1\u017eelo pocit vzdoru a odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed cel\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda.<\/p>\n\n
Jak Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty dosp\u00edvaly, Bratr Jonathan postupn\u011b upadal do zapomn\u011bn\u00ed a nahradila ho postava, kterou dnes zn\u00e1me jako str\u00fd\u010dek Sam. Str\u00fd\u010dek Sam, p\u016fvodn\u011b pojmenovan\u00fd po masn\u00e9m magn\u00e1tovi z New Yorku, z\u00edskal v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 uzn\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00edky skic\u00e1m Thomase Nasta v \u010dasopise Harper’s Weekly b\u011bhem ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.<\/p>\n\n
Na rozd\u00edl od bratra Jonathana, kter\u00fd p\u0159edstavoval ob\u010dany, za\u010dal str\u00fd\u010dek Sam symbolizovat feder\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1du. Jeho p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fd v\u00fdraz a d\u016fstojn\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed byly vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro sjednocen\u00ed rozd\u011blen\u00e9 zem\u011b a veden\u00ed n\u00e1roda jeho nar\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00edmi zahrani\u010dn\u00edmi z\u00e1jmy.<\/p>\n\n
V pr\u016fb\u011bhu 20. stolet\u00ed se str\u00fd\u010dek Sam neust\u00e1le vyv\u00edjel a odr\u00e1\u017eel m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se povahu Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. B\u011bhem prvn\u00ed a druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky se stal tvrd\u00fdm vojensk\u00fdm rekruiterem, kter\u00fd zt\u011bles\u0148oval odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed a s\u00edlu n\u00e1roda. V pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed z\u016fstal jeho p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fd v\u00fdraz symbolem vl\u00e1dn\u00ed autority, zejm\u00e9na v dob\u011b da\u0148ov\u00e9ho p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
V posledn\u00edch letech prob\u00edh\u00e1 mezi historiky a archiv\u00e1\u0159i diskuse o tom, zda nenastal \u010das, aby str\u00fd\u010dek Sam dostal dal\u0161\u00ed zm\u011bnu image. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee ji\u017e p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u011b nereprezentuje rozmanitost americk\u00e9ho lidu.<\/p>\n\n
Claire Jerry, kur\u00e1torka N\u00e1rodn\u00edho muzea americk\u00e9 historie, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: “M\u016f\u017ee str\u00fd\u010dek Sam skute\u010dn\u011b symbolizovat celou zemi?”. Jednou z mo\u017enost\u00ed je zobrazit str\u00fd\u010dka Sama jako multietnick\u00e9ho, co\u017e bude odr\u00e1\u017eet rostouc\u00ed rozmanitost Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Bez ohledu na debaty o jeho budoucnosti z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 str\u00fd\u010dek Sam trval\u00fdm symbolem americk\u00e9 identity. P\u0159edstavoval n\u00e1rod ve v\u00e1lk\u00e1ch, hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch kriz\u00edch a spole\u010densk\u00fdch p\u0159evratech. Jeho v\u00fdvoj v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se povahu samotn\u00fdch Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Od ro\u0161\u0165\u00e1ck\u00e9ho bratra Jonathana po p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9ho a autoritativn\u00edho str\u00fd\u010dka Sama sehr\u00e1ly tyto n\u00e1rodn\u00ed symboly z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli p\u0159i formov\u00e1n\u00ed americk\u00e9 identity a podpo\u0159e pocitu jednoty a c\u00edle.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Bratr Jonathan a str\u00fd\u010dek Sam: V\u00fdvoj americk\u00fdch n\u00e1rodn\u00edch symbol\u016f Bratr Jonathan: P\u0159edch\u016fdce str\u00fd\u010dka Sama V bou\u0159liv\u00fdch letech americk\u00e9 revoluce se objevila ro\u0161\u0165\u00e1ck\u00e1 postava politick\u00e9 karikatury, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla zt\u011bles\u0148ovat ducha mlad\u00e9ho…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[23083,19,23084,20767,20766],"class_list":["post-17570","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-brother-jonathan","tag-american-history","tag-national-symbols","tag-political-cartoons","tag-uncle-sam"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17570","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17570"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17570\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17571,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17570\/revisions\/17571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17570"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17570"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17570"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}