{"id":17634,"date":"2023-08-23T20:26:12","date_gmt":"2023-08-23T20:26:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=17634"},"modified":"2023-08-23T20:26:12","modified_gmt":"2023-08-23T20:26:12","slug":"spider-silk-multifaceted-communication-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/zoology\/spider-silk-multifaceted-communication-system\/","title":{"rendered":"Pavou\u010d\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed: V\u00edce\u00fa\u010delov\u00fd komunika\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pavou\u010d\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed: V\u00edce\u00fa\u010delov\u00fd komunika\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vibrace a zpr\u00e1vy<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pavu\u010diny nejsou jen pasivn\u00ed pasti. Jsou to sofistikovan\u00e9 senzorick\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b, kter\u00e9 mohou p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu zpr\u00e1v prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vibrac\u00ed. V\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee pavou\u010d\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017ee p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et informace o ko\u0159isti, po\u0161kozen\u00ed a dokonce i o pohybech samotn\u00e9ho pavouka.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pod\u00e9ln\u00e9 a p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00e9 vlny<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pavou\u010d\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed vibrace ve dvou hlavn\u00edch typech vln: pod\u00e9ln\u00fdch a p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00fdch. Pod\u00e9ln\u00e9 vlny, kter\u00e9 se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed po d\u00e9lce vl\u00e1kna, obvykle signalizuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost nov\u00e9 ko\u0159isti. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00e9 vlny, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed, \u017ee se vl\u00e1kno pohybuje ze strany na stranu, mohou nazna\u010dovat po\u0161kozen\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Senzorick\u00e1 v\u00fdhoda pavouk\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>S osmi nohama maj\u00ed pavouci jedine\u010dnou senzorickou v\u00fdhodu. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 noha je v podstat\u011b ucho, kter\u00e9 jim umo\u017e\u0148uje detekovat vibrace ze v\u0161ech sm\u011br\u016f. To jim umo\u017e\u0148uje s pozoruhodnou p\u0159esnost\u00ed ur\u010dit polohu ko\u0159isti nebo po\u0161kozen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kontrola vlastnost\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pavouci maj\u00ed vysokou m\u00edru kontroly nad vlastnostmi sv\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed. Zm\u011bnou zp\u016fsobu, jak\u00fdm hedv\u00e1b\u00ed sp\u0159\u00e1daj\u00ed a natahuj\u00ed, mohou upravit jeho pevnost a citlivost. Krom\u011b toho se pavou\u010d\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed smr\u0161\u0165uje, kdy\u017e p\u0159es noc navlhne, co\u017e poskytuje ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u201ereset\u201c, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje pavouk\u016fm znovu ho nat\u00e1hnout podle po\u017eadovan\u00fdch specifikac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u0161estrannost v komunikaci<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u0161estrannost pavou\u010d\u00edho hedv\u00e1b\u00ed jako komunika\u010dn\u00edho m\u00e9dia je skute\u010dn\u011b pozoruhodn\u00e1. Pavouci ho pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k p\u0159enosu \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1ly zpr\u00e1v, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Zji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed ko\u0159isti<\/li>\n<li>Posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b<\/li>\n<li>Komunikace s ostatn\u00edmi pavouky<\/li>\n<li>Udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 a textiln\u00ed aplikace<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pavou\u010d\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed nen\u00ed jen z\u00e1zrak p\u0159\u00edrody, ale tak\u00e9 slibn\u00fd materi\u00e1l pro celou \u0159adu aplikac\u00ed. Jeho v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e1 pevnost, lehkost a jednor\u00e1zovost z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed ide\u00e1ln\u00ed materi\u00e1l pro:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Chirurgick\u00e9 stehy<\/li>\n<li>Hojen\u00ed ran<\/li>\n<li>Ochrann\u00e9 od\u011bvy<\/li>\n<li>Lehk\u00e9 textilie<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Stimul\u016fm reaguj\u00edc\u00ed inteligentn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pochopen\u00ed komunika\u010dn\u00edch vlastnost\u00ed pavou\u010d\u00edho hedv\u00e1b\u00ed by mohlo odhalit jeho potenci\u00e1l ve v\u00fdvoji \u201estimul\u016fm reaguj\u00edc\u00edch inteligentn\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f\u201c. Tyto materi\u00e1ly jsou navr\u017eeny tak, aby reagovaly na specifick\u00e9 podn\u011bty, jako je teplota, tlak nebo sv\u011btlo. V\u011bdci by mohli vytvo\u0159en\u00edm senzor\u016f, aktu\u00e1tor\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s vylep\u0161enou citlivost\u00ed a funk\u010dnost\u00ed za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00edm pavou\u010d\u00edho hedv\u00e1b\u00ed do t\u011bchto materi\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tr\u017en\u00ed potenci\u00e1l<\/h2>\n\n<p>Komer\u010dn\u00ed potenci\u00e1l pavou\u010d\u00edho hedv\u00e1b\u00ed je zna\u010dn\u00fd. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci aktivn\u011b zkoumaj\u00ed zp\u016fsoby, jak vyr\u00e1b\u011bt pavou\u010d\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed ve velk\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku, a prvn\u00ed v\u00fdrobky na b\u00e1zi pavou\u010d\u00edho hedv\u00e1b\u00ed by se mohly na trhu objevit do konce roku 2015.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pavou\u010d\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed a v\u0161estrann\u00fd materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd hraje rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed roli v \u017eivot\u011b pavouk\u016f. Jeho schopnost p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu zpr\u00e1v prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vibrac\u00ed inspirovala v\u011bdce a in\u017een\u00fdry k prozkoum\u00e1n\u00ed jeho potenci\u00e1lu v r\u016fzn\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch, od l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f po inteligentn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly. Jak na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed pavou\u010d\u00edho hedv\u00e1b\u00ed neust\u00e1le roste, m\u016f\u017eeme o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee v budoucnu uvid\u00edme je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce inovativn\u00edch vyu\u017eit\u00ed tohoto pozoruhodn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pavou\u010d\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed: V\u00edce\u00fa\u010delov\u00fd komunika\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m Vibrace a zpr\u00e1vy Pavu\u010diny nejsou jen pasivn\u00ed pasti. Jsou to sofistikovan\u00e9 senzorick\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b, kter\u00e9 mohou p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu zpr\u00e1v prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vibrac\u00ed. V\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee pavou\u010d\u00ed&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[83,2023,502,20500],"class_list":["post-17634","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zoology","tag-biomimicry","tag-nature-inspired-innovation","tag-communication","tag-spider-silk"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17634","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17634"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17634\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17635,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17634\/revisions\/17635"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17634"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17634"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17634"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}