{"id":17661,"date":"2019-03-03T20:34:35","date_gmt":"2019-03-03T20:34:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=17661"},"modified":"2019-03-03T20:34:35","modified_gmt":"2019-03-03T20:34:35","slug":"eva-szekely-holocaust-survivor-olympic-champion-swimmer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/life\/biographies\/eva-szekely-holocaust-survivor-olympic-champion-swimmer\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9va Sz\u00e9kelyov\u00e1: P\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00ed holokaustu a olympijsk\u00e1 \u0161ampionka v plav\u00e1n\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c9va Sz\u00e9kelyov\u00e1: p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00ed holokaust a olympijsk\u00e1 v\u00edt\u011bzka v plav\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ran\u00fd \u017eivot a holokaust<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u00c9va Sz\u00e9kelyov\u00e1 se narodila v roce 1927 v Budape\u0161ti v Ma\u010farsku. O plav\u00e1n\u00ed se za\u010dala zaj\u00edmat pot\u00e9, co v rozhlase sly\u0161ela o v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed ma\u010farsk\u00e9ho plavce Ference Csika na 100 metr\u016f voln\u00fd zp\u016fsob na olympijsk\u00fdch hr\u00e1ch v Berl\u00edn\u011b v roce 1936. P\u0159ipojila se k m\u00edstn\u00edmu sportovn\u00edmu klubu, ale pozd\u011bji byla vylou\u010dena kv\u016fli sv\u00e9mu \u017eidovsk\u00e9mu p\u016fvodu.<\/p>\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e se v Ma\u010farsku vystup\u0148oval holokaust, Sz\u00e9kelyov\u00e1 a jej\u00ed rodina \u010delily rostouc\u00edmu pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed. V roce 1944 ji zatkli \u010dlenov\u00e9 fa\u0161istick\u00e9 Strany \u0161\u00edpov\u00fdch k\u0159\u00ed\u017e\u016f, ale jej\u00ed otec zas\u00e1hl a tvrdil, \u017ee je nemocn\u00e1 a neschopn\u00e1 ch\u016fze. Kdy\u017e to nevy\u0161lo, prozradil, \u017ee je ma\u010farskou \u0161ampionkou v plav\u00e1n\u00ed, v nad\u011bji, \u017ee ji jej\u00ed sl\u00e1va zachr\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivot.<\/p>\n\n<p>Sz\u00e9kelyov\u00e9 bylo z\u00e1zrakem u\u0161et\u0159eno. Posledn\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 roky str\u00e1vila ve \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9m bezpe\u010dn\u00e9m dom\u011b, kde se udr\u017eovala ve form\u011b t\u00edm, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e9 r\u00e1no stokr\u00e1t vyb\u011bhla a seb\u011bhla p\u011bt pater po schodech.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Plaveck\u00e1 kari\u00e9ra po v\u00e1lce<\/h2>\n\n<p>Po v\u00e1lce Sz\u00e9kelyov\u00e1 obnovila svou plaveckou kari\u00e9ru. Z\u00fa\u010dastnila se olympijsk\u00fdch her v Lond\u00fdn\u011b v roce 1948 a obsadila \u010dtvrt\u00e9 m\u00edsto v z\u00e1vod\u011b na 200 metr\u016f prsa. O \u010dty\u0159i roky pozd\u011bji dos\u00e1hla sv\u00e9ho olympijsk\u00e9ho snu, kdy\u017e na hr\u00e1ch v Helsink\u00e1ch v roce 1952 vyhr\u00e1la zlatou medaili ve stejn\u00e9 discipl\u00edn\u011b a z\u00e1rove\u0148 vytvo\u0159ila olympijsk\u00fd rekord.<\/p>\n\n<p>Sz\u00e9kelyov\u00e1 i nad\u00e1le dominovala ma\u010farsk\u00e9mu plav\u00e1n\u00ed a v letech 1946 a\u017e 1954 z\u00edskala 32 n\u00e1rodn\u00edch individu\u00e1ln\u00edch titul\u016f a 11 n\u00e1rodn\u00edch t\u00fdmov\u00fdch titul\u016f. Provdala se tak\u00e9 za ma\u010farsk\u00e9ho sportovce Dezs\u00f6 Gyarmatiho, kter\u00fd byl \u0161iroce pova\u017eov\u00e1n za jednoho z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch hr\u00e1\u010d\u016f vodn\u00edho p\u00f3la v historii.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u0159eb\u011bhnut\u00ed a tren\u00e9rsk\u00e1 kari\u00e9ra<\/h2>\n\n<p>V roce 1956 Sz\u00e9kelyov\u00e1 a Gyarmati p\u0159eb\u011bhli do Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f pot\u00e9, co Sov\u011bti brut\u00e1ln\u011b potla\u010dili ma\u010farskou revoluci. Brzy se v\u0161ak vr\u00e1tili do Ma\u010farska, aby se postarali o st\u00e1rnouc\u00ed rodi\u010de Sz\u00e9kelyov\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n<p>Sz\u00e9kelyov\u00e1 se st\u00e1hla z aktivn\u00edho z\u00e1vod\u011bn\u00ed a stala se tren\u00e9rkou mlad\u00fdch plavc\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b sv\u00e9 dcery Andrey, kter\u00e1 se sama stala olympijskou medailistkou. Sz\u00e9kelyov\u00e1 se tak\u00e9 z\u00fa\u010dastnila nechvaln\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fdch mnichovsk\u00fdch her v roce 1972, kde palestin\u0161t\u00ed militanti za\u00fato\u010dili na izraelsk\u00fd olympijsk\u00fd t\u00fdm a zabili jej\u00edho p\u0159\u00edtele, izraelsk\u00e9ho tren\u00e9ra z\u00e1pasu Moshe Weinberga.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u017didovsk\u00e1 identita a odkaz<\/h2>\n\n<p>P\u0159es pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 za\u017eila, se Sz\u00e9kelyov\u00e1 nikdy nepokou\u0161ela skr\u00fdvat svou \u017eidovskou identitu. V rozhovoru pro ma\u010farskou televizi z roku 1974 vzpom\u00ednala na diskrimina\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1kony ze 40. let a jednozna\u010dn\u011b prohl\u00e1sila: \u201eByla jsem \u017didovka.\u201c<\/p>\n\n<p>Pozoruhodn\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Sz\u00e9kelyov\u00e9 sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o jej\u00ed odolnosti, odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed a neochv\u011bjn\u00e9m duchu. Je p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1na jak jako p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00ed holokaust, tak jako olympijsk\u00e1 \u0161ampionka a jej\u00ed odkaz st\u00e1le inspiruje generace plavc\u016f a sportovc\u016f po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed pozoruhodn\u00e9 \u00fasp\u011bchy<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sz\u00e9kelyov\u00e1 v roce 1950 vyhr\u00e1la zlatou medaili na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed plaveck\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ei konan\u00e9 na ma\u010farsk\u00e9m Mark\u00e9tin\u011b ostrov\u011b.<\/li>\n<li>Sout\u011b\u017eila v z\u00e1vod\u011b na 200 metr\u016f prsa na olympijsk\u00fdch hr\u00e1ch v Melbourne v roce 1956 a z\u00edskala st\u0159\u00edbrnou medaili.<\/li>\n<li>Sz\u00e9kelyov\u00e1 byla v roce 1985 uvedena do Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed plaveck\u00e9 s\u00edn\u011b sl\u00e1vy.<\/li>\n<li>V roce 2000 j\u00ed byl ud\u011blen Ma\u010farsk\u00fd z\u00e1slu\u017en\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d, komand\u00e9rsk\u00fd k\u0159\u00ed\u017e s hv\u011bzdou.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c9va Sz\u00e9kelyov\u00e1: p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00ed holokaust a olympijsk\u00e1 v\u00edt\u011bzka v plav\u00e1n\u00ed Ran\u00fd \u017eivot a holokaust \u00c9va Sz\u00e9kelyov\u00e1 se narodila v roce 1927 v Budape\u0161ti v Ma\u010farsku. O plav\u00e1n\u00ed se za\u010dala zaj\u00edmat pot\u00e9,&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4843],"tags":[23196,243,23195,3980,15545],"class_list":["post-17661","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biographies","tag-eva-szekely","tag-resilience","tag-olympic-champion","tag-swimming","tag-holocaust-survivor"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17661","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17661"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17661\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17662,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17661\/revisions\/17662"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17661"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17661"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17661"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}