{"id":17670,"date":"2024-10-29T13:31:08","date_gmt":"2024-10-29T13:31:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=17670"},"modified":"2024-10-29T13:31:09","modified_gmt":"2024-10-29T13:31:09","slug":"corn-americas-food-staple-hidden-costs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/ecology\/corn-americas-food-staple-hidden-costs\/","title":{"rendered":"Kuku\u0159ice: americk\u00e1 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed potravina a jej\u00ed skryt\u00e9 n\u00e1klady"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kuku\u0159ice: americk\u00e1 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed potravina a jej\u00ed skryt\u00e9 n\u00e1klady<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dominance kuku\u0159ice v americk\u00e9 strav\u011b<\/h2>\n\n<p>Kuku\u0159ice je v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomnou p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed v americk\u00fdch supermarketech, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 25 % v\u0161ech polo\u017eek ji obsahuje. Tato dominance pramen\u00ed z jej\u00ed v\u0161estrannosti jako krmiva pro dobytek, jako p\u0159\u00edsady do zpracovan\u00fdch potravin a jako sladidla do n\u00e1poj\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Industrializace v\u00fdroby potravin<\/h2>\n\n<p>Modern\u00ed potravinov\u00fd syst\u00e9m se ve velk\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e spol\u00e9h\u00e1 na pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na na pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed syntetick\u00fdch hnojiv, kter\u00e1 dramaticky zv\u00fd\u0161ila v\u00fdnosy kuku\u0159ice. V\u00fdvoj Haber-Boschova procesu v roce 1909 umo\u017enil hromadnou v\u00fdrobu dus\u00edkat\u00fdch hnojiv, \u010d\u00edm\u017e odstranil p\u0159edchoz\u00ed omezen\u00ed r\u016fstu plodin.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Role fosiln\u00edch paliv<\/h2>\n\n<p>Haber-Bosch\u016fv proces je v\u0161ak vysoce energeticky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd a vy\u017eaduje obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed fosiln\u00edch paliv pro teplo a tlak. To prom\u011bnilo produkci kuku\u0159ice v proces p\u0159em\u011bny fosiln\u00edch paliv na potraviny, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e polovina syntetick\u00e9ho dus\u00edku je aplikov\u00e1na na kuku\u0159i\u010dn\u00e9 plodiny.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ekologick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky syntetick\u00e9ho dus\u00edku<\/h2>\n\n<p>Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed syntetick\u00e9ho dus\u00edku m\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 ekologick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky. Nadbyte\u010dn\u00fd dus\u00edk, kter\u00fd nen\u00ed absorbov\u00e1n rostlinami, m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159isp\u00edvat ke zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a vody, co\u017e vede k kysel\u00fdm de\u0161\u0165\u016fm a kontaminaci dusi\u010dnany v pitn\u00e9 vod\u011b. Naru\u0161uje tak\u00e9 glob\u00e1ln\u00ed dus\u00edkov\u00fd cyklus, co\u017e ovliv\u0148uje druhovou skladbu a biologickou rozmanitost.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mrtv\u00e1 z\u00f3na v Mexick\u00e9m z\u00e1livu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Prvot\u0159\u00eddn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem ekologick\u00e9ho dopadu syntetick\u00e9ho dus\u00edku je hypoxick\u00e1 neboli mrtv\u00e1 z\u00f3na v Mexick\u00e9m z\u00e1livu. Odtok dus\u00edku z zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch pol\u00ed hnoj\u00ed \u0159asy, kter\u00e9 dus\u00ed ryby a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed neobyvateln\u00fd ekosyst\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ekologick\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed jako alternativa<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ekologi\u010dt\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blci ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 vy\u017eivovat p\u016fdu a vyr\u00e1b\u011bt potraviny, ani\u017e by se spol\u00e9hali na syntetick\u00e1 hnojiva. Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed plodin a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at k recyklaci \u017eivin podporuje ekologick\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed p\u0159irozenou \u00farodnost a sni\u017euje zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dus\u00edkem.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Budoucnost vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed dus\u00edku v zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee ceny fosiln\u00edch paliv rostou, i pr\u016fmyslov\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blci mo\u017en\u00e1 budou muset p\u0159ehodnotit svou z\u00e1vislost na kuku\u0159i\u010dn\u00fdch monokultur\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 spot\u0159ebov\u00e1vaj\u00ed dus\u00edk. Diverzifikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 klade d\u016fraz na recyklaci \u017eivin a p\u0159irozenou \u00farodnost, je nezbytn\u00e9 pro udr\u017eitelnou produkci potravin.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 body<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kuku\u0159ice dominuje americk\u00e9 strav\u011b a je kl\u00ed\u010dovou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9ho potravinov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.<\/li>\n<li>Syntetick\u00e1 dus\u00edkat\u00e1 hnojiva umo\u017enila dramatick\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst v\u00fdnos\u016f kuku\u0159ice, ale jsou siln\u011b z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na fosiln\u00edch palivech.<\/li>\n<li>Nadm\u011brn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed syntetick\u00e9ho dus\u00edku m\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 ekologick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky, v\u010detn\u011b zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a vody, ztr\u00e1ty biologick\u00e9 rozmanitosti a vzniku mrtv\u00fdch z\u00f3n.<\/li>\n<li>Ekologick\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 praktiky mohou vy\u017eivovat p\u016fdu a produkovat potraviny, ani\u017e by se spol\u00e9haly na syntetick\u00e1 hnojiva.<\/li>\n<li>P\u0159echod k diverzifikovan\u00e9mu zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a recyklaci \u017eivin je nezbytn\u00fd pro udr\u017eiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed budoucnost produkce potravin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kuku\u0159ice: americk\u00e1 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed potravina a jej\u00ed skryt\u00e9 n\u00e1klady Dominance kuku\u0159ice v americk\u00e9 strav\u011b Kuku\u0159ice je v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomnou p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed v americk\u00fdch supermarketech, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 25 % v\u0161ech polo\u017eek ji obsahuje. Tato&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24750,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[590],"tags":[23201,11089,219,120,8133,287,283,177],"class_list":["post-17670","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ecology","tag-corn","tag-nitrogen","tag-ecology","tag-sustainability","tag-food-production","tag-agriculture","tag-environment","tag-pollution"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17670","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17670"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17670\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24751,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17670\/revisions\/24751"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24750"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17670"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17670"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17670"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}