{"id":17690,"date":"2021-05-13T09:20:13","date_gmt":"2021-05-13T09:20:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=17690"},"modified":"2021-05-13T09:20:13","modified_gmt":"2021-05-13T09:20:13","slug":"winter-storm-uri-arctic-blast-impacts-us","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/climate-and-weather\/winter-storm-uri-arctic-blast-impacts-us\/","title":{"rendered":"Zimn\u00ed bou\u0159e Uri: Zni\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed arktick\u00fd mr\u00e1z"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zimn\u00ed bou\u0159e Uri: Zni\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed arktick\u00fd mr\u00e1z<\/h2>\n\n

Rekordn\u00ed mrazy a sn\u011b\u017een\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Zimn\u00ed bou\u0159e Uri p\u0159inesla tento t\u00fdden rekordn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 teploty a sn\u011b\u017een\u00ed do 26 st\u00e1t\u016f a nechala miliony lid\u00ed bez elekt\u0159iny a vody. 16. \u00fanora bylo p\u0159es 73 % \u00fazem\u00ed 48 ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f USA pokryto sn\u011bhem, co\u017e je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed procento od doby, kdy NOAA za\u010dala sledovat sn\u011bhovou pokr\u00fdvku v roce 2011. Rekordn\u00ed sn\u011b\u017een\u00ed zas\u00e1hlo Salt Lake City, Detroit a n\u011bkolik m\u011bst v Texasu, v\u010detn\u011b Austinu, Abilene a San Angelo.<\/p>\n\n

Extr\u00e9mn\u00ed teploty<\/h2>\n\n

Arktick\u00fd mr\u00e1z, kter\u00fd se p\u0159ehnal p\u0159es USA, vznikl na Sibi\u0159i. Proud\u011bn\u00ed vzduchu s n\u00e1zvem tryskov\u00fd proud obvykle udr\u017euje mraziv\u00fd vzduch z Arktidy na m\u00edst\u011b na severn\u00edm p\u00f3lu, kde tvo\u0159\u00ed pol\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u00edr. Oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed klimatu v\u0161ak tryskov\u00fd proud oslabuje, co\u017e mu umo\u017e\u0148uje oh\u00fdbat se a pos\u00edlat studen\u00fd vzduch na jih. V d\u016fsledku toho zaznamenalo Kansas City v \u00fater\u00fd r\u00e1no teploty minus deset stup\u0148\u016f Fahrenheita, zat\u00edmco Anchorage na Alja\u0161ce zaznamenalo teploty plus 20 stup\u0148\u016f Fahrenheita.<\/p>\n\n

Dopad na infrastrukturu a ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 slu\u017eby<\/h2>\n\n

Extr\u00e9mn\u00ed chlad m\u011bl ni\u010div\u00fd dopad na infrastrukturu a ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 slu\u017eby, zejm\u00e9na v ji\u017en\u00edch st\u00e1tech, kter\u00e9 nejsou zvykl\u00e9 na drsn\u00e9 zimn\u00ed podm\u00ednky. V\u00edce ne\u017e \u010dty\u0159i miliony lid\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161lo o elekt\u0159inu v ji\u017en\u00edch st\u00e1tech, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e 3,5 milionu z t\u011bchto v\u00fdpadk\u016f nastalo v Texasu. Izolovan\u00e1 elektrick\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 st\u00e1tu, kter\u00e1 je do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 na v\u00fdchodn\u00ed a z\u00e1padn\u00ed s\u00edti zem\u011b, byla obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zraniteln\u00e1. Zamrzl\u00e9 hromady uhl\u00ed, zablokovan\u00e9 plynovody a zledovat\u011bl\u00e9 v\u011btrn\u00e9 turb\u00edny ochromily v\u00fdrobu elekt\u0159iny, zat\u00edmco jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny byly kv\u016fli probl\u00e9m\u016fm souvisej\u00edc\u00edm s po\u010das\u00edm odstaveny.<\/p>\n\n

S t\u00edm, jak se lid\u00e9 sna\u017eili vytopit sv\u00e9 domovy, popt\u00e1vka po elekt\u0159in\u011b prudce vzrostla a v Texasu dos\u00e1hla nov\u00e9ho zimn\u00edho rekordu 69 150 megawatt\u016f. St\u00e1t zavedl rota\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdpadky proudu, aby reguloval dod\u00e1vky energie, ale n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 byli n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed bez proudu p\u0159i teplot\u00e1ch pod bodem mrazu.<\/p>\n\n

Situaci zhor\u0161il nedostatek pitn\u00e9 vody. Obyvatel\u00e9 nechali kapat vodovodn\u00ed kohoutky, aby zabr\u00e1nili zamrznut\u00ed potrub\u00ed, co\u017e vedlo k rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm poruch\u00e1m dod\u00e1vek vody a v\u00fdzv\u00e1m k p\u0159eva\u0159en\u00ed vody. Dot\u010deno bylo dvan\u00e1ct milion\u016f lid\u00ed, nemocnice a hasi\u010dsk\u00e9 sbory \u010delily nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9mu nedostatku.<\/p>\n\n

Role zm\u011bny klimatu<\/h2>\n\n

Mezi klimatick\u00fdmi v\u011bdci prob\u00edh\u00e1 debata o tom, zda se extr\u00e9mn\u00ed chladn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti, jako je zimn\u00ed bou\u0159e Uri, stanou b\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi, jak bude zm\u011bna klimatu pokra\u010dovat. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u011bdci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee stoupaj\u00edc\u00ed teploty povedou k tomu, \u017ee tyto ud\u00e1losti budou m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dast\u00e9, zat\u00edmco jin\u00ed tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee oslaben\u00fd tryskov\u00fd proud by mohl v\u00e9st k \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm vln\u00e1m chladu, alespo\u0148 v kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9m horizontu. Anom\u00e1lie tepl\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed v\u0161ak v sou\u010dasnosti p\u0159ekon\u00e1vaj\u00ed neobvykl\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady extr\u00e9mn\u00edho chladu v pom\u011bru dv\u011b ku jedn\u00e9 nebo t\u0159i ku jedn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n

Zotaven\u00ed a odolnost<\/h2>\n\n

S t\u00edm, jak zimn\u00ed bou\u0159e Uri sl\u00e1bne, prob\u00edhaj\u00ed pr\u00e1ce na obnoven\u00ed. St\u00e1t po\u017e\u00e1dal lidi, aby p\u0159estali nech\u00e1vat kapat vodovodn\u00ed kohoutky, aby se u\u0161et\u0159ila voda pro z\u00e1kladn\u00ed slu\u017eby. Opravy po\u0161kozen\u00e9 infrastruktury a ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch slu\u017eeb st\u00e1le prob\u00edhaj\u00ed a nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, kdy se lid\u00e9 zasa\u017een\u00ed bou\u0159\u00ed do\u010dkaj\u00ed pomoci.<\/p>\n\n

Pusto\u0161en\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 zimn\u00ed bou\u0159\u00ed Uri zd\u016fraz\u0148uje v\u00fdznam odolnosti komunity a p\u0159ipravenosti na budouc\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u00ed pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed ud\u00e1losti. Investov\u00e1n\u00edm do infrastruktury, kter\u00e1 odol\u00e1 extr\u00e9mn\u00edm teplot\u00e1m, vypracov\u00e1n\u00edm robustn\u00edch pl\u00e1n\u016f pro reakci na mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti a vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm ve\u0159ejnosti o d\u016fle\u017eitosti ochrany \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme zm\u00edrnit dopady takov\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed a zajistit bezpe\u010dnost a prosperitu na\u0161ich komunit.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zimn\u00ed bou\u0159e Uri: Zni\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed arktick\u00fd mr\u00e1z Rekordn\u00ed mrazy a sn\u011b\u017een\u00ed Zimn\u00ed bou\u0159e Uri p\u0159inesla tento t\u00fdden rekordn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 teploty a sn\u011b\u017een\u00ed do 26 st\u00e1t\u016f a nechala miliony lid\u00ed bez elekt\u0159iny…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23223],"tags":[23219,19464,19465,23222,7071,23220,23221,23218,34],"class_list":["post-17690","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-climate-and-weather","tag-arctic-blast","tag-extreme-cold","tag-polar-vortex","tag-jet-stream","tag-snowstorm","tag-power-outages","tag-water-disruptions","tag-winter-storm-uri","tag-climate-change"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17690","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17690"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17690\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17691,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17690\/revisions\/17691"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17690"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17690"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17690"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}