{"id":17767,"date":"2020-05-21T13:26:47","date_gmt":"2020-05-21T13:26:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=17767"},"modified":"2020-05-21T13:26:47","modified_gmt":"2020-05-21T13:26:47","slug":"fda-approves-first-over-the-counter-birth-control-pill-increasing-access-to-contraception","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/medicine\/fda-approves-first-over-the-counter-birth-control-pill-increasing-access-to-contraception\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159\u00edstup k bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 antikoncepci pro v\u0161echny: FDA schvaluje prvn\u00ed pilulku bez l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho p\u0159edpisu"},"content":{"rendered":"

FDA schvaluje prvn\u00ed antikoncep\u010dn\u00ed pilulku bez l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho p\u0159edpisu<\/h2>\n\n

Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 antikoncepci<\/h2>\n\n

Ve \u010dtvrtek u\u010dinil \u00da\u0159ad pro kontrolu potravin a l\u00e9\u010div Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f (FDA) z\u00e1sadn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed, kdy\u017e schv\u00e1lil prvn\u00ed ka\u017edodenn\u00ed peror\u00e1ln\u00ed antikoncepci pro pou\u017eit\u00ed bez l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho p\u0159edpisu (OTC). Tento pr\u016flomov\u00fd l\u00e9k s n\u00e1zvem Opill byl p\u016fvodn\u011b schv\u00e1len v roce 1973, ale a\u017e dosud k n\u011bmu u\u017eivatel\u00e9 pot\u0159ebovali recept.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdznam antikoncepce bez l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho p\u0159edpisu<\/h2>\n\n

Melissa Simonov\u00e1, v\u00fdzkumnice klinick\u00e9 gynekologie na Northwestern University, zd\u016fraz\u0148uje v\u00fdznam OTC antikoncepce. \u201eJe to velk\u00fd krok vp\u0159ed,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1. \u201eOTC antikoncepce je dostupn\u00e1 ve v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 zem\u00edch, tak\u017ee jsme zaost\u00e1vali v poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00fdch a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch metod, jako je tato peror\u00e1ln\u00ed antikoncep\u010dn\u00ed pilulka, jednotlivc\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed se sna\u017e\u00ed zabr\u00e1nit t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed.\u201c<\/p>\n\n

\u00da\u010dinnost antikoncep\u010dn\u00edch pilulek<\/h2>\n\n

Antikoncep\u010dn\u00ed pilulky jsou jednou z nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edch forem antikoncepce. V roce 2018 u\u017e\u00edvalo pilulky asi 20 % u\u017eivatelek antikoncepce ve v\u011bku 15 a\u017e 49 let. Peror\u00e1ln\u00ed antikoncep\u010dn\u00ed pilulky jsou a\u017e o 99 % \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 p\u0159i prevenci t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed, pokud se u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed denn\u011b. Bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee Opill je konkr\u00e9tn\u011b 93% \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd, jak uv\u00e1d\u00ed NBC News.<\/p>\n\n

Typy antikoncep\u010dn\u00edch pilulek<\/h2>\n\n

Existuj\u00ed dva hlavn\u00ed typy antikoncep\u010dn\u00edch pilulek: kombinovan\u00e9 pilulky a minipilulky. Kombinovan\u00e9 pilulky, kter\u00e9 jsou nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, obsahuj\u00ed hormony estrogen a progestin. Minipilulky, v\u010detn\u011b Opillu, obsahuj\u00ed pouze progestin.<\/p>\n\n

\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed obav<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00fdbor FDA m\u011bl ur\u010dit\u00e9 obavy ohledn\u011b Opillu, jako jsou jeho potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky, kter\u00e9 mohou zahrnovat vagin\u00e1ln\u00ed krv\u00e1cen\u00ed, bolesti hlavy, k\u0159e\u010de nebo z\u00e1vrat\u011b. Krom\u011b toho by lid\u00e9 s anamn\u00e9zou rakoviny prsu nem\u011bli pilulku u\u017e\u00edvat, proto\u017ee by mohla podporovat r\u016fst n\u00e1doru. V\u00fdbor v\u0161ak nakonec rozhodl, \u017ee jednotlivci se mohou sami rozhodnout, zda je u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pilulky pro n\u011b vhodn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n

Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu k antikoncepci<\/h2>\n\n

Organizace jako Americk\u00e1 akademie pediatrie a Americk\u00e1 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 asociace (AMA) ocenily rozhodnut\u00ed FDA a uvedly, \u017ee pom\u016f\u017ee poskytnout milion\u016fm pacient\u016f \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010di o reproduk\u010dn\u00ed zdrav\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

\u201eV dob\u011b, kdy se slu\u017eby reproduk\u010dn\u00edho zdrav\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00ed st\u00e1le v\u00edce omezen\u00fdmi a kliniky reproduk\u010dn\u00edho zdrav\u00ed se v n\u011bkolika st\u00e1tech zav\u00edraj\u00ed, je z\u00e1sadn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zlep\u0161it p\u0159\u00edstup k peror\u00e1ln\u00edm antikoncep\u010dn\u00edm prost\u0159edk\u016fm,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Jesse M. Ehrenfeld, prezident AMA. \u201eDouf\u00e1me, \u017ee to bude jen prvn\u00ed z n\u011bkolika schv\u00e1len\u00fdch a nal\u00e9h\u00e1me na FDA, aby zv\u00e1\u017eila \u017e\u00e1dosti z cel\u00e9 \u0159ady dostupn\u00fdch peror\u00e1ln\u00edch antikoncep\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f pro voln\u00fd prodej.\u201c<\/p>\n\n

\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed necht\u011bn\u00fdch t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

USA maj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u00edru necht\u011bn\u00fdch t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed ne\u017e mnoho jin\u00fdch rozvinut\u00fdch zem\u00ed. Asi 45 % ze \u0161esti milion\u016f t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed v USA v roce 2011 nebylo pl\u00e1nov\u00e1no. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k cel\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b antikoncep\u010dn\u00edch metod a spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 a konzistentn\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed antikoncepce m\u016f\u017ee pomoci sn\u00ed\u017eit po\u010det necht\u011bn\u00fdch t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Antikoncep\u010dn\u00ed pou\u0161t\u011b a p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky v p\u0159\u00edstupu<\/h2>\n\n

Power to Decide, neziskov\u00e1 kampa\u0148 na prevenci nepl\u00e1novan\u00fdch t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed, odhaduje, \u017ee v\u00edce ne\u017e 19 milion\u016f \u017een v reproduk\u010dn\u00edm v\u011bku \u017eije v antikoncep\u010dn\u00edch pou\u0161t\u00edch, tedy v oblastech, kde po\u010det zdravotnick\u00fdch st\u0159edisek nab\u00edzej\u00edc\u00edch celou \u0161k\u00e1lu metod nem\u016f\u017ee uspokojit popt\u00e1vku \u017een zp\u016fsobil\u00fdch pro ve\u0159ejn\u011b financovanou antikoncepci.<\/p>\n\n

Dokonce i v oblastech se zdravotnick\u00fdmi st\u0159edisky lid\u00e9 s n\u00edzk\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edjmy, teenage\u0159i a lid\u00e9 tmav\u00e9 pleti hl\u00e1sili v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzvy p\u0159i z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a vyzved\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed recept\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b placen\u00ed za n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvu l\u00e9ka\u0159e a z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed volna z pr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\n\n

Dostupnost a cena Opillu<\/h2>\n\n

Jakmile bude Opill dostupn\u00fd bez l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho p\u0159edpisu \u2013 co\u017e v\u00fdrobce odhaduje, \u017ee nastane za\u010d\u00e1tkem roku 2024 \u2013 ti, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bj\u00ed minipilulku, si ji budou moci zakoupit v obchodech s potravinami a sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fdm zbo\u017e\u00edm po cel\u00e9 zemi a p\u0159\u00edstup k n\u00ed nebude omezen v\u011bkem.<\/p>\n\n

Z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u0161ak ot\u00e1zky ohledn\u011b ceny pilulky, kterou Perrigo zve\u0159ejn\u00ed pozd\u011bji v tomto roce. Antikoncep\u010dn\u00ed pilulky mohou st\u00e1t asi 15 a\u017e 30 dolar\u016f m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b bez pojistn\u00e9ho kryt\u00ed. A\u010dkoli jsou l\u00e9ky bez l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho p\u0159edpisu obecn\u011b levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, obvykle nejsou hrazeny poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n

Pos\u00edlen\u00ed jednotlivc\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

\u201ePokud bude spr\u00e1vn\u011b implementov\u00e1n, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu k antikoncepci umo\u017en\u00ed na\u0161im komunit\u00e1m svobodn\u011b rozhodovat o na\u0161ich \u017eivotech a budoucnosti,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Lupe M. Rodr\u00edguezov\u00e1, v\u00fdkonn\u00e1 \u0159editelka N\u00e1rodn\u00edho latinskoamerick\u00e9ho institutu pro reproduk\u010dn\u00ed spravedlnost. \u201eNyn\u00ed mus\u00edme zajistit, aby byla tato bezpe\u010dn\u00e1 a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 antikoncep\u010dn\u00ed pilulka dostupn\u00e1 a hrazena poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm.\u201c<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

FDA schvaluje prvn\u00ed antikoncep\u010dn\u00ed pilulku bez l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho p\u0159edpisu Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 antikoncepci Ve \u010dtvrtek u\u010dinil \u00da\u0159ad pro kontrolu potravin a l\u00e9\u010div Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f (FDA) z\u00e1sadn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed, kdy\u017e…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[359],"tags":[22873,23307,23308,23309,19949,3886],"class_list":["post-17767","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-medicine","tag-birth-control","tag-contraception","tag-over-the-counter","tag-unintended-pregnancy","tag-reproductive-health","tag-fda-approval"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17767","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17767"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17767\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17768,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17767\/revisions\/17768"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17767"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17767"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17767"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}