{"id":17793,"date":"2024-07-09T08:08:34","date_gmt":"2024-07-09T08:08:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=17793"},"modified":"2024-07-09T08:08:34","modified_gmt":"2024-07-09T08:08:34","slug":"roosters-recognize-reflections-expanding-understanding-self-recognition-animals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/animal-science\/roosters-recognize-reflections-expanding-understanding-self-recognition-animals\/","title":{"rendered":"Kohouti rozpozn\u00e1vaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed odrazy a roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed t\u00edm na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed sebeuv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed u zv\u00ed\u0159at"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kohouti dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed rozpoznat sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed odrazy, \u010d\u00edm\u017e roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed sebeuv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed u zv\u00ed\u0159at<\/h2>\n\n

Nov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k testov\u00e1n\u00ed sebeuv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n

Tradi\u010dn\u011b se sebeuv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed u zv\u00ed\u0159at posuzovalo pomoc\u00ed zrcadlov\u00e9ho testu, kter\u00fd zahrnuje ozna\u010den\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ete a pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, zda se dotkne zna\u010dky, kdy\u017e je um\u00edst\u011bno p\u0159ed zrcadlo. Tento test m\u00e1 v\u0161ak sv\u00e1 omezen\u00ed, proto\u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt motivov\u00e1ny k tomu, aby se dot\u00fdkaly zna\u010dek na sv\u00e9m t\u011ble.<\/p>\n\n

Abychom tato omezen\u00ed p\u0159ekonali, vyvinuli v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci nov\u00e9 metody testov\u00e1n\u00ed sebeuv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zahrnuj\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed spojen\u00e9 s ka\u017edodenn\u00edmi aktivitami zv\u00ed\u0159at. Jednou z takov\u00fdch metod je m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed popla\u0161n\u00fdch zvuk\u016f u kohout\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Kohouti a popla\u0161n\u00e9 zvuky<\/h3>\n\n

Kdy\u017e jsou pred\u00e1to\u0159i pobl\u00ed\u017e, kohouti obvykle vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed popla\u0161n\u00e9 zvuky, aby varovali ostatn\u00ed. Pokud jsou v\u0161ak sami, z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed potichu. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dali, \u017ee pokud kohouti poznaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 odrazy v zrcadle, nebudou c\u00edtit pot\u0159ebu vyd\u00e1vat varov\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee pochop\u00ed, \u017ee odraz nen\u00ed jin\u00fd pt\u00e1k.<\/p>\n\n

Experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdsledky<\/h3>\n\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci testovali 68 kohout\u016f v r\u016fzn\u00fdch experiment\u00e1ln\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n\n

    \n
  1. Kohout s\u00e1m bez zrcadla<\/li>\n
  2. Kohout se zrcadlem a siluetou jest\u0159\u00e1ba nad sebou<\/li>\n
  3. Kohout s dal\u0161\u00edm kohoutem a bez zrcadla<\/li>\n
  4. Kohout s dal\u0161\u00edm kohoutem za zrcadlem<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    Zjistili, \u017ee kohouti vyd\u00e1vali v\u00fdrazn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b varovn\u00fdch zvuk\u016f, kdy\u017e byli um\u00edst\u011bni vedle zrcadla, ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s um\u00edst\u011bn\u00edm vedle kohouta, kter\u00e9ho mohli vid\u011bt. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee kohouti rozpozn\u00e1vali sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed odrazy a nevn\u00edmali je jako hrozbu.<\/p>\n\n

    Implikace pro pozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at<\/h3>\n\n

    V\u00fdsledky t\u00e9to studie zpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed pohled, \u017ee sebeuv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed je omezeno na n\u011bkolik m\u00e1lo vysoce inteligentn\u00edch druh\u016f. Nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee sebeuv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se d\u0159\u00edve myslelo.<\/p>\n\n

    Ekologick\u00e1 relevance ve v\u00fdzkumu pozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at<\/h3>\n\n

    Vyu\u017eit\u00ed ekologicky relevantn\u00edho chov\u00e1n\u00ed, jako jsou popla\u0161n\u00e9 zvuky u kohout\u016f, ve studi\u00edch sebeuv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed poskytuje p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed posouzen\u00ed sebeuv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at. Umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u011bdc\u016fm zkoumat, jak zv\u00ed\u0159ata vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed sebeuv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed ve sv\u00e9m p\u0159irozen\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

    Omezen\u00ed a budouc\u00ed sm\u011bry<\/h3>\n\n

    P\u0159esto\u017ee studie poskytuje siln\u00e9 d\u016fkazy pro sebeuv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed u kohout\u016f, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci nemohou p\u0159esn\u011b v\u011bd\u011bt, co se d\u011blo v mysl\u00edch zv\u00ed\u0159at. Je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu, abychom prozkoumali kognitivn\u00ed procesy, kter\u00e9 jsou z\u00e1kladem sebeuv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed u kohout\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch druh\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

    Mo\u017en\u00e9 d\u016fsledky<\/h3>\n\n

    V\u00fdsledky t\u00e9to studie maj\u00ed d\u016fsledky pro na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed inteligence a v\u011bdom\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at. Vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed ot\u00e1zky o povaze sebeuv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed a jeho roli v chov\u00e1n\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at. Budouc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum m\u016f\u017ee objasnit v\u00fdvoj sebeuv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed a jeho v\u00fdznam v \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Kohouti dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed rozpoznat sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed odrazy, \u010d\u00edm\u017e roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed sebeuv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed u zv\u00ed\u0159at Nov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k testov\u00e1n\u00ed sebeuv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed Tradi\u010dn\u011b se sebeuv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed u zv\u00ed\u0159at posuzovalo pomoc\u00ed zrcadlov\u00e9ho testu, kter\u00fd zahrnuje ozna\u010den\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23839,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1040],"tags":[309,1048,23321,5433,22313,10391,6193],"class_list":["post-17793","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-animal-science","tag-animal-behavior","tag-intelligence","tag-roosters","tag-self-awareness","tag-self-recognition","tag-mirrors","tag-animal-cognition"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17793","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17793"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17793\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17794,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17793\/revisions\/17794"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23839"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17793"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17793"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17793"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}