Abbie Hoffman, psycholog a nad\u0161enec do komunitn\u00edho divadla, se v 60. letech p\u0159est\u011bhoval do New Yorku. Pono\u0159en do \u017eiv\u00e9 hippies\u00e1ck\u00e9 kultury m\u011bsta se st\u00e1le v\u00edce anga\u017eoval v soci\u00e1ln\u00edm aktivismu. Hnut\u00ed za ob\u010dansk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, protiv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 demonstrace a vzestup protikultury ovlivnily jeho politick\u00e9 n\u00e1zory.<\/p>\n\n
Inspirov\u00e1n komunitn\u00ed divadeln\u00ed skupinou Diggers ze San Francisca si Hoffman uv\u011bdomil s\u00edlu pod\u00edvan\u00e9 p\u0159i sd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00fdch poselstv\u00ed. V\u011b\u0159il, \u017ee \u201epokud se v\u00e1m nel\u00edb\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy, pro\u010d nevyj\u00edt ven a nenato\u010dit si vlastn\u00ed?\u201c<\/p>\n\n
V srpnu 1967 si Hoffman a skupina aktivist\u016f vybrali za c\u00edl newyorskou burzu (NYSE) jako symbol kapitalismu a chamtivosti. Napl\u00e1novali guerillov\u00fd divadeln\u00ed kousek, aby naru\u0161ili obchodn\u00ed s\u00e1l a odhalili absurditu Wall Street.<\/p>\n\n
Oble\u010deni do ok\u00e1zal\u00e9ho hippies\u00e1ck\u00e9ho oble\u010den\u00ed si demonstranti navz\u00e1jem rozd\u00e1vali dolarov\u00e9 bankovky. Jakmile se dostali do burzovn\u00ed galerie, zasypali makl\u00e9\u0159e pen\u011bzi. Makl\u00e9\u0159i byli zpo\u010d\u00e1tku ohromeni a pak se za\u010dali o bankovky pr\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n
Hoffman\u016fv kousek byl \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd. Nejen\u017ee naru\u0161il obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 upoutal pozornost m\u00e9di\u00ed. Kontrast mezi hippies\u00e1ck\u00fdmi demonstranty a dob\u0159e oble\u010den\u00fdmi makl\u00e9\u0159i z Wall Street zv\u00fdraznil rostouc\u00ed propast v americk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n
Hoffman vymyslel pojem \u201eguerillov\u00e9 divadlo\u201c pro popis sv\u00e9 jedine\u010dn\u00e9 formy politick\u00e9ho protestu. V\u011b\u0159il, \u017ee humor a absurdita mohou b\u00fdt mocn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje spole\u010densk\u00e9 zm\u011bny. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm divadelnosti a pod\u00edvan\u00e9 se sna\u017eil zaujmout lidi a vyvolat v nich my\u0161lenky o nespravedlnostech a nerovnostech t\u00e9 doby.<\/p>\n\n
Kousek na NYSE upevnil Hoffmanovu pov\u011bst mistra guerillov\u00e9ho divadla. Tuto taktiku nad\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edval i v dal\u0161\u00edch protestech, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i levitaci Pentagonu a naru\u0161en\u00ed demokratick\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00edho sjezdu v roce 1968.<\/p>\n\n
Hoffmanovy guerillov\u00e9 divadeln\u00ed p\u0159edstaven\u00ed sehr\u00e1la v\u00fdznamnou roli p\u0159i utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00e9 a politick\u00e9 krajiny 60. let. Zpochybnil tradi\u010dn\u00ed formy protestu a povzbuzoval lidi, aby vyjad\u0159ovali sv\u016fj nesouhlas kreativn\u00edmi a nekonven\u010dn\u00edmi zp\u016fsoby.<\/p>\n\n
Hoffmanovo d\u011bdictv\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00e9ho koment\u00e1tora dodnes inspiruje aktivisty. Jeho v\u00edra v s\u00edlu um\u011bn\u00ed a humoru v politick\u00fdch hnut\u00edch z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm spole\u010densk\u00fdm a ekonomick\u00fdm v\u00fdzv\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n
Hoffmanovy guerillov\u00e9 divadeln\u00ed kousky hluboce rezonovaly s hippies\u00e1ckou protikulturou. Jeho schopnost kombinovat politick\u00fd aktivismus se smyslem pro humor a hravost oslovila mlad\u00e9 lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed byli roz\u010darov\u00e1ni establishmentem.<\/p>\n\n
Hoffmanovy protesty se staly symboly odm\u00edtnut\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00edch hodnot hippies\u00e1ck\u00fdm hnut\u00edm a jeho p\u0159ijet\u00ed svobodn\u00e9ho vyjad\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a spole\u010densk\u00e9 zm\u011bny. Pomohl formovat etos nen\u00e1siln\u00e9ho odporu protikultury a v\u00edru v moc jedince ud\u011blat rozd\u00edl.<\/p>\n\n
Hoffman\u016fv z\u00e1vazek ke svobod\u011b projevu a spole\u010densk\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b byl neochv\u011bjn\u00fd. V\u011b\u0159il, \u017ee je povinnost\u00ed um\u011blc\u016f a aktivist\u016f vystupovat proti nespravedlnosti a zpochyb\u0148ovat status quo.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159esto\u017ee \u010delil pr\u00e1vn\u00edm v\u00fdzv\u00e1m a uv\u011bzn\u011bn\u00ed, Hoffman z\u016fstal vzdorovit\u00fd. Jeho ochota posouvat hranice spole\u010densk\u00e9 p\u0159ijatelnosti a d\u011blat ze sebe bl\u00e1zna ve jm\u00e9nu sv\u00fdch p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed zanechala trvalou stopu v americk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n
Hoffmanovy guerillov\u00e9 divadeln\u00ed p\u0159edstaven\u00ed nad\u00e1le inspiruj\u00ed aktivisty a um\u011blce po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Je p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1n jako pr\u016fkopn\u00edk politick\u00e9ho protestu, kter\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edval humor a absurditu k odhalen\u00ed nerovnost\u00ed a nespravedlnost\u00ed sv\u00e9 doby a k povzbuzen\u00ed lid\u00ed, aby se zapojili do spole\u010densk\u00e9 zm\u011bny.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Abbie Hoffman: Pr\u016fkopn\u00edk guerillov\u00e9ho divadla Ran\u00fd \u017eivot a vlivy Abbie Hoffman, psycholog a nad\u0161enec do komunitn\u00edho divadla, se v 60. letech p\u0159est\u011bhoval do New Yorku. Pono\u0159en do \u017eiv\u00e9 hippies\u00e1ck\u00e9 kultury…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1203],"tags":[23355,23350,23351,23353,23354,23352,12],"class_list":["post-17815","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-performance-art","tag-1960s-activism","tag-abbie-hoffman","tag-guerrilla-theater","tag-hippie-counterculture","tag-new-york-stock-exchange","tag-political-protest","tag-social-commentary"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17815","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17815"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17815\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17816,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17815\/revisions\/17816"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17815"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17815"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17815"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}