Konzumace alkoholu nen\u00ed jen lidskou z\u00e1bavou. Zv\u00ed\u0159ata v\u0161ech druh\u016f, od hmyzu po savce, byla pozorov\u00e1na p\u0159i konzumaci l\u00e1tek obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch alkohol. \u00da\u010dinky alkoholu na zv\u00ed\u0159ata se v\u0161ak mohou zna\u010dn\u011b li\u0161it v z\u00e1vislosti na jejich druhu a individu\u00e1ln\u00ed toleranci.<\/p>\n\n
Kdy\u017e zv\u00ed\u0159e konzumuje alkohol, je absorbov\u00e1n do krevn\u00edho ob\u011bhu a transportov\u00e1n do jater. J\u00e1tra pot\u00e9 alkohol metabolizuj\u00ed a rozkl\u00e1daj\u00ed ho na men\u0161\u00ed molekuly. Rychlost, s jakou je alkohol metabolizov\u00e1n, se li\u0161\u00ed podle druhu. Zv\u00ed\u0159ata s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed metabolickou rychlost\u00ed budou schopna alkohol odbour\u00e1vat rychleji a budou m\u00edt m\u00e9n\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky intoxikace.<\/p>\n\n
\u00da\u010dinky alkoholov\u00e9 intoxikace u zv\u00ed\u0159at mohou zahrnovat zhor\u0161enou koordinaci, prodlou\u017eenou reak\u010dn\u00ed dobu a zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt alkoholov\u00e1 intoxikace dokonce smrteln\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n
N\u011bkter\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata si vyvinula toleranci k alkoholu, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee mohou konzumovat velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed alkoholu bez toho, aby poci\u0165ovala z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky intoxikace. Tato tolerance je \u010dasto zp\u016fsobena genetick\u00fdmi adaptacemi, kter\u00e9 zv\u00ed\u0159eti umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed rychleji metabolizovat alkohol nebo sn\u00ed\u017eit \u00fa\u010dinky alkoholu na mozek.<\/p>\n\n
Jedn\u00edm z nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f tolerance k alkoholu u zv\u00ed\u0159at je peniskap\u00e1 luskoun z Malajsie. Tento mal\u00fd savec dok\u00e1\u017ee konzumovat a\u017e 10kr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed alkoholu, ne\u017e by bylo smrteln\u00e9 pro \u010dlov\u011bka, ani\u017e by vykazoval jak\u00e9koli zn\u00e1mky intoxikace.<\/p>\n\n
Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata, u kter\u00fdch byla prok\u00e1z\u00e1na tolerance k alkoholu, pat\u0159\u00ed kalo\u0148ov\u00e9, makakov\u00e9 rhesus a dokonce i sloni.<\/p>\n\n
Peniskap\u00fd luskoun a pomal\u00fd loru jsou dva prim\u00e1ti, kte\u0159\u00ed byli rozs\u00e1hle studov\u00e1ni kv\u016fli sv\u00e9 toleranci k alkoholu. Oba druhy se \u017eiv\u00ed kva\u0161en\u00fdm nektarem z kv\u011btn\u00edch pupen\u016f bertam palmy. Tento nektar m\u016f\u017ee obsahovat a\u017e 4 % alkoholu, ale luskouni a loru nevykazuj\u00ed po jeho konzumaci \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky intoxikace.<\/p>\n\n
V\u011bdci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee luskouni a loru si vyvinuli mechanismus, jak zvl\u00e1dat vysokou hladinu alkoholu ve sv\u00e9 strav\u011b. Tento mechanismus m\u016f\u017ee zahrnovat produkci enzym\u016f, kter\u00e9 alkohol rychleji rozkl\u00e1daj\u00ed, nebo sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u00fa\u010dink\u016f alkoholu na mozek.<\/p>\n\n
Kalo\u0148ov\u00e9 jsou dal\u0161\u00ed skupinou zv\u00ed\u0159at, u kter\u00fdch byla prok\u00e1z\u00e1na tolerance k alkoholu. Kalo\u0148ov\u00e9 konzumuj\u00ed velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed ovoce, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee obsahovat a\u017e 7 % alkoholu. Netop\u00fd\u0159i v\u0161ak po konzumaci tohoto ovoce nevykazuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky intoxikace.<\/p>\n\n
V\u011bdci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee tolerance kalo\u0148\u016f k alkoholu je zp\u016fsobena jejich schopnost\u00ed rychleji metabolizovat alkohol ne\u017e jin\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata. Netop\u00fd\u0159i maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 vysokou toleranci v\u016f\u010di etanolu, hlavn\u00edmu typu alkoholu, kter\u00fd se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v alkoholick\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n
Makakov\u00e9 rhesus jsou prim\u00e1ti, u kter\u00fdch byla prok\u00e1z\u00e1na podobn\u00e1 tolerance k alkoholu jako u lid\u00ed. Makakov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k alkoholu, budou \u010dasto p\u00edt, dokud nedos\u00e1hnou hladiny alkoholu v krvi (BAC) 0,08 %, co\u017e je z\u00e1konn\u00fd limit pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Makakov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u0161ak maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k alkoholu po del\u0161\u00ed dobu, si v\u016f\u010di n\u011bmu vyvinou toleranci. Tito makakov\u00e9 budou schopni vyp\u00edt v\u00edce alkoholu, ani\u017e by dos\u00e1hli hladiny BAC 0,08 %.<\/p>\n\n
Existuje roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1 v\u00edra, \u017ee sloni se op\u00edjej\u00ed poj\u00edd\u00e1n\u00edm fermentovan\u00fdch plod\u016f marulov\u00e9ho stromu. V\u011bdeck\u00e9 studie v\u0161ak uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee tomu tak nen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Sloni sice jed\u00ed plody maruly, ale nesn\u011bd\u00ed jich dostatek na to, aby se opili. Nav\u00edc fermenta\u010dn\u00ed proces, ke kter\u00e9mu doch\u00e1z\u00ed v plodech maruly, nen\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u011b siln\u00fd na to, aby vyprodukoval dostatek alkoholu, kter\u00fd by opil slona.<\/p>\n\n
Schopnost tolerovat alkohol mohla poskytnout n\u011bkter\u00fdm zv\u00ed\u0159at\u016fm evolu\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdhodu. Nap\u0159\u00edklad zv\u00ed\u0159ata, kter\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed tolerovat alkohol, mohla m\u00edt p\u0159\u00edstup ke zdroj\u016fm potravy, kter\u00e9 nebyly dostupn\u00e9 jin\u00fdm zv\u00ed\u0159at\u016fm. Nav\u00edc tolerance k alkoholu mohla pomoci zv\u00ed\u0159at\u016fm p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt v prost\u0159ed\u00edch, kde byl alkohol p\u0159\u00edtomen ve vysok\u00fdch koncentrac\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n
Konzumace alkoholu je slo\u017eit\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt na zv\u00ed\u0159ata \u0159adu r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f. N\u011bkter\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata si vyvinula toleranci k alkoholu, zat\u00edmco jin\u00e1 jsou v\u016f\u010di jeho \u00fa\u010dink\u016fm citliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. V\u011bdeck\u00e9 studium konzumace alkoholu u zv\u00ed\u0159at n\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee pomoci l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bt roli alkoholu v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b a potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm rizik\u016fm a p\u0159\u00ednos\u016fm konzumace alkoholu pro \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Konzumace alkoholu u zv\u00ed\u0159at: V\u011bda za opil\u00fdmi zv\u00ed\u0159aty Metabolismus alkoholu a intoxikace u zv\u00ed\u0159at Konzumace alkoholu nen\u00ed jen lidskou z\u00e1bavou. Zv\u00ed\u0159ata v\u0161ech druh\u016f, od hmyzu po savce, byla pozorov\u00e1na p\u0159i…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[312],"tags":[6961,309,19244,136,81,294,1921,252,20761,99,97],"class_list":["post-17955","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-animal-behavior","tag-alcohol","tag-animal-behavior","tag-ethanol","tag-evolution","tag-animal-physiology","tag-metabolism","tag-intoxication","tag-nature","tag-tolerance","tag-lifescienceart","tag-science"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17955","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17955"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17955\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17956,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17955\/revisions\/17956"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17955"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17955"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17955"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}