V roce 1802 se lo\u010f H.M.S. Mentor, vlastn\u011bn\u00e1 kontroverzn\u00edm lordem Elginem, potopila u pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed \u0158ecka a p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017eela poklad artefakt\u016f uloupen\u00fdch z Parthenonu a dal\u0161\u00edch \u0159eck\u00fdch pam\u00e1tek.<\/p>\n\n
O v\u00edce ne\u017e 200 let pozd\u011bji prozkoum\u00e1vali mo\u0159\u0161t\u00ed archeologov\u00e9 vrak a objevili mno\u017estv\u00ed nov\u00fdch artefakt\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b zlat\u00fdch \u0161perk\u016f, kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9ho n\u00e1\u010din\u00ed, \u0161achov\u00fdch figurek a dal\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s p\u016fvodn\u00edm n\u00e1kladem.<\/p>\n\n
Lord Elgin, britsk\u00fd velvyslanec v Osmansk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i, najal Mentor, aby p\u0159epravil artefakty do Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie. Jeho \u010diny jsou st\u00e1le zdrojem kontroverz\u00ed a mnoz\u00ed ho obvi\u0148uj\u00ed z toho, \u017ee z Ath\u00e9n ukradl cenn\u00e9 staro\u017eitnosti.<\/p>\n\n
Elgin tvrdil, \u017ee m\u011bl povolen\u00ed k odvozu artefakt\u016f, ale z\u00e1konnost jeho \u010din\u016f je sporn\u00e1. Jeho vykop\u00e1vky Parthenon v\u00e1\u017en\u011b po\u0161kodily, co\u017e v t\u00e9 dob\u011b vyvolalo protesty ze strany milovn\u00edk\u016f staro\u017eitnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Mentor se potopil na cest\u011b na Maltu, kde m\u011bl p\u0159ist\u00e1t, ne\u017e bude pokra\u010dovat v cest\u011b. V\u0161ichni cestuj\u00edc\u00ed a pos\u00e1dka p\u0159e\u017eili, ale cenn\u00fd n\u00e1klad byl ztracen \u2013 p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm zpo\u010d\u00e1tku.<\/p>\n\n
Elgin v\u011bt\u0161inu artefakt\u016f zachr\u00e1nil p\u0159i pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1chrann\u00fdch mis\u00edch, v\u010detn\u011b slavn\u00fdch Elginov\u00fdch mramor\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou nyn\u00ed vystaveny v Britsk\u00e9m muzeu. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci v\u0161ak ji\u017e dlouho podez\u0159\u00edvali, \u017ee dal\u0161\u00ed artefakty z\u016fstaly uv\u011bzn\u011bny v potopen\u00e9 lodi.<\/p>\n\n
Od roku 2009 prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed podvodn\u00ed archeologov\u00e9 ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed vykop\u00e1vky na m\u00edst\u011b vraku lodi Mentor a hledaj\u00ed artefakty, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ehl\u00e9dli Elgimovi z\u00e1chran\u00e1\u0159i. P\u0159edchoz\u00ed expedice p\u0159inesly osobn\u00ed v\u011bci cestuj\u00edc\u00edch a pos\u00e1dky lodi, stejn\u011b jako \u00falomky egyptsk\u00fdch soch a starov\u011bk\u00fdch p\u0159epravn\u00edch d\u017eb\u00e1n\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Mezi leto\u0161n\u00ed n\u00e1lezy pat\u0159\u00ed zlat\u00fd prsten, zlat\u00e9 n\u00e1u\u0161nice, kuchy\u0148sk\u00e1 n\u00e1doba a d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 kladky. Tyto nov\u011b objeven\u00e9 poklady poskytuj\u00ed cenn\u00e9 informace o obsahu lodi a \u017eivot\u011b t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed se na n\u00ed plavili.<\/p>\n\n
Novoobjaven\u00e9 artefakty jsou majetkem \u0159eck\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy, ale status Elginov\u00fdch mramor\u016f z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 sporn\u00fdm bodem. Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie i \u0158ecko si n\u00e1rokuj\u00ed vlastnictv\u00ed vlys\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
\u0158ecko tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee mramory byly nez\u00e1konn\u011b odstran\u011bny z Ath\u00e9n a m\u011bly by b\u00fdt vr\u00e1ceny na sv\u00e9 prav\u00e9 m\u00edsto. Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee Elgin z\u00edskal artefakty leg\u00e1ln\u011b a \u017ee nyn\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st sb\u00edrky Britsk\u00e9ho muzea.<\/p>\n\n
Na po\u010d\u00e1tku 19. stolet\u00ed byly At\u00e9ny pod kontrolou Osmansk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. Elgin m\u011bl dopis s pokyny, kter\u00fd mu umo\u017e\u0148oval odv\u00e9zt artefakty, ale platnost tohoto dokumentu je zpochyb\u0148ov\u00e1na.<\/p>\n\n
Elginovo odstran\u011bn\u00ed 247 stop vy\u0159ez\u00e1van\u00e9ho vlysu, 15 metop a 17 postav z Parthenonu vyvolalo rozho\u0159\u010den\u00ed mnoha jeho sou\u010dasn\u00edk\u016f. Obrovsk\u00fd projekt Elgina p\u0159ivedl k bankrotu a pozd\u011bji prodal sb\u00edrku britsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b.<\/p>\n\n
V\u00fdzkumn\u00edk Izidor Janzekovic poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee dokonce i Elgimovi sou\u010dasn\u00edci pova\u017eovali jeho \u010diny za kontroverzn\u00ed. Mnoz\u00ed nam\u00edtali proti odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed artefakt\u016f z ch\u00e1traj\u00edc\u00edho Parthenonu, proto\u017ee se ob\u00e1vali dal\u0161\u00edch \u0161kod.<\/p>\n\n
Histori\u010dka um\u011bn\u00ed Mary Beardov\u00e1 nazna\u010duje, \u017ee Elgimbovy motivy byly slo\u017eit\u00e9. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee se sna\u017eil vylep\u0161it pov\u011bst sv\u00e9 rodiny z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00edm mramor\u016f, zat\u00edmco jin\u00ed tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee byl skute\u010dn\u011b odhodl\u00e1n je zachovat.<\/p>\n\n
V roce 2009 otev\u0159elo \u0158ecko muzeum pobl\u00ed\u017e Parthenonu s prostory vyhrazen\u00fdmi pro chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti vlysu. V posledn\u00ed dob\u011b \u0158ecko navrhlo Britsk\u00e9mu muzeu do\u010dasnou v\u00fdm\u011bnu u p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti 200. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed \u0159eck\u00e9 v\u00e1lky za nez\u00e1vislost.<\/p>\n\n
\u0158ecko nab\u00eddlo v\u00fdm\u011bnu n\u011bkolika artefakt\u016f, kter\u00fdm nikdy nebylo dovoleno opustit zemi, za do\u010dasnou z\u00e1p\u016fj\u010dku mramor\u016f. Britsk\u00e9 muzeum vyj\u00e1d\u0159ilo ochotu \u017e\u00e1dost zv\u00e1\u017eit, ale nep\u0159evzalo \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed z\u00e1vazky.<\/p>\n\n
Debata o Elginov\u00fdch mramorech nad\u00e1le doutn\u00e1 mezi \u0158eckem a Velkou Brit\u00e1ni\u00ed a jednoduch\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed nen\u00ed v dohledu. Nov\u011b objeven\u00e9 poklady z vraku lodi Mentor slou\u017e\u00ed jako p\u0159ipom\u00ednka slo\u017eit\u00e9 historie a trvaj\u00edc\u00ed kontroverze kolem t\u011bchto ikonick\u00fdch artefakt\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Nov\u011b objeven\u00e9 poklady z potopen\u00e9 lodi p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed Elginovy mramory V roce 1802 se lo\u010f H.M.S. Mentor, vlastn\u011bn\u00e1 kontroverzn\u00edm lordem Elginem, potopila u pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed \u0158ecka a p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017eela poklad artefakt\u016f uloupen\u00fdch z…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24018,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4312],"tags":[88,104,23586,89,1293,23587,2313,6310],"class_list":["post-18013","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archaeological-art","tag-archaeology","tag-art-history","tag-elgin-marbles","tag-cultural-heritage","tag-marine-archaeology","tag-sunken-treasure","tag-ancient-greece","tag-shipwreck"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18013","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18013"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18013\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18014,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18013\/revisions\/18014"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24018"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18013"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18013"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18013"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}